후방추돌시 목상해를 고려한 승객거동해석 및 좌석설계

Abstract

Occupant injury in rear end impact is rapidly becoming one of the most aggravating traffic safety problems with high human suffering and societal costs. Although rear end impact occurs at relatively low speed, it may cause permanent disability due to neck injUlies resulting from an abrupt moment, shear force, and tension/compression force at the occipital condyles. The analysis is performed for a combined occupant-seat model response, using the SAFE(Safety Analysis For occupant crash Environment) computer program. The computational results are verified by those from sled tests. A parameter study is conducted for many physical and mechanical properties. Seat design has been performed based on the design of experiment process with respect to five parameters: seat-back upholstery stiffness, torsional stiffness of the seat-back, headrest upholstery stiffness, the clearance between occupant's head and the headrest, and friction coefficient of the seat-back. An orthogonal array is selected from the parameter study. A good design has been found from the analysis results based on the orthogonal array. The results show that reductions of stiffness in seat-back upholstery and joint are the most effective for preventing neck injuries.