Revisiting primary particles in layered lithium transition-metal oxides and their impact on structural degradation
- Title
- Revisiting primary particles in layered lithium transition-metal oxides and their impact on structural degradation
- Author
- 이승용
- Keywords
- layered lithium transition-metal oxide; lithium-ion batteries; mechanical cracks; primary particles; transmission electron microscopy
- Issue Date
- 2019-01
- Publisher
- WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co
- Citation
- Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), v. 6, no. 6, article no. 1800843
- Abstract
- Layered lithium transition-metal oxide materials, e.g., Li(Ni1- x - y Co x Mn y )O2 (NCM) and Li(Ni1- x - y Co x Al y )O2, are the most promising candidates for lithium-ion battery cathodes. They generally consist of ≈10 µm spherical particles densely packed with smaller particles (0.1-1 µm), called secondary and primary particles, respectively. The micrometer- to nanometer-sized particles are critical to the battery performance because they affect the reaction capability of the cathode. Herein, the crystal structure of the primary particles of NCM materials is revisited. Elaborate transmission electron microscopy investigations reveal that the so-called primary particles, often considered as single crystals, are in fact polycrystalline secondary particles. They contain low-angle and exceptionally stable special grain boundaries (GBs) presumably created during aggregation via an oriented attachment mechanism. Therefore, this so-called primary particle is renamed as primary-like particle. More importantly, the low-angle GBs between the smaller true primary particles cause the development of nanocracks within the primary-like particles of Ni-rich NCM cathodes after repetitive electrochemical cycles. In addition to rectifying a prevalent misconception about primary particles, this study provides a previously unknown but important origin of structural degradation in Ni-rich layered cathodes.
- URI
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/advs.201800843https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/160653
- ISSN
- 2198-3844
- DOI
- 10.1002/advs.201800843
- Appears in Collections:
- COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING[S](공과대학) > MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING(신소재공학부) > Articles
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