Rheological evaluation of thermosensitive and mucoadhesive vaginal gels in physiological conditions

Abstract

The timely gelation and retention of in situ-gelling vaginal formulations would be fundamental to improve the efficacy of drugs. In this study, various rheological properties of clotrimazole gels were evaluated for predicting their performance in vagina. Two kinds of thermosensitive and mucoadhesive formulations were composed of poloxamer 407 (P407, 15%), polycarbophil (0.2%), and different amounts of P188 (15 vs. 20%). Both formulations were Newtonian at 20 °C but non-Newtonian at 37 °C. Although both liquid formulations gelled below the vaginal temperature, they differed in gelation time and viscoelastic properties in the presence of vaginal fluid simulant. At body temperature, the formulation with 20% of P188 gelled within 35 s but it took two times longer for the other one gelled. Upon dilution with simulated vaginal fluid, the formulation with 20% of P188 retained the rheology of a gel, but the other one lost the viscoelastic properties typical for a gel. Moreover, after dilution with simulated vaginal fluid, the elastic modulus was orders of magnitude higher in the formulations with 20% of P188 relative to the other one. These results indicate that the rheological evaluation at the physiologic conditions needs to be preceded to develop more effective in situ-gelling vaginal formulations.