다낭성난소증후군, 임산부, 불임 여성의 체액 내 Bisphenol A와 성스테로이드 호르몬 농도변화

Abstract

ABSTRACT Levels of Bisphenol A and Sex Steroid Hormones in Biological Fluids of PCOS, Pregnant and IVF Stimulated Women Yoon, Jeong Mi Department of Life Science Graduate School Hanyang University

The plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide, with over six billion pounds produced every year. BPA is an endocrine disrupting chemical used to the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, and thus, it is present in a myriad of products: the interior coating of tins, milk containers, baby formula bottles, dental materials, etc. It is critical to have risk assessment considering exposure level and environment in Korea, but it has not been performed in high risk group, like pregnant women and fetuses, so far and it is urgently required to connect it with development abnormality, functionality of related organs and genomics study according to risk assessment. Therefore, it is prudent to continue exposure monitoring of BPA regardless of the present levels of exposure. Chapter 1 was to investigate the association of BPA concentrations with sex steroid hormones and in vitro fertilization outcomes among women undergoing IVF. In this study, the mean BPA concentration was 2.33ng/ml in serum and 2.18ng/ml in follicular fluid among women between 27 and 44 years of age. Serum BPA concentration was strongly correlated with number of oocytes retrieved per cycle, day 3 AFC and peak E2. The number of oocytes retrieved was strongly correlated with peak serum E2 concentrations, day 3 AFC and serum BPA concentration. Moreover, it was observed that peak E2 concentration and total number of oocytes were decreasing in the obese group and the follicular fluid BPA concentration was comparatively higher than that in non-obese group. Chapter 2 was designed to explore the relationship among androgen excess, serum sex steroid hormones, clinical characteristics and BPA concentrations in women with PCOS in Korea. The results showed that serum BPA concentrations were significantly higher in PCOS women (2.61±0.4ng/ml) compared with those in non-PCOS women (2.3±0.6ng/ml, p<0.01). The serum BPA concentrations were significantly correlated with serum testosterone and DHEAS in PCOS women. Therefore, BPA is regarded to be involved in androgen excess by DHEAS, in addition to the androgen excess by the total testosterone. Chapter 3 was undertaken to investigate the exposure of BPA in pregnant women in Korea, and the fetal transfer of BPA, which was performed by measuring total BPA levels in amniotic fluid of 138 early second trimester pregnant women in order to estimate the risk of BPA exposure to human fetuses. The range of total BPA concentration at 18.4 weeks was from 0.89ng/ml to 37.13ng/ml and the mean of total BPA concentration was 7.24ng/ml. Our results showed a relationship between BPA concentration and E2 level, T level, and fetal weight at birth. The fetal weight at birth was strongly related to AFI, E2, T and BPA concentration of the amniotic fluid at the early second trimester. In our results there was no difference in BPA levels with fetal sex. Our results also showed a positive association between BPA in amniotic fluid and fetal birth weight, which suggests that BPA, like estrogen, might play a role in fetal growth. The neonatal period is one of the most crucial periods that may be determinant of fertility in adulthood. It is thought to be the consequence of programming whereby any stimulus or insult at a crucial, sensitive period of early life may induce long-term changes in physiology and metabolism. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess the adverse effects of BPA exposure in early life. Further studies on human exposure to BPA are needed to address the question whether maternal exposure to BPA can lead to adverse health effect in offspring.