Usefulness of risk stratification models for colorectal cancer based on fecal hemoglobin concentration and clinical risk factors

Abstract

Background and Aims: We aimed to develop risk stratification models for advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) and colorectal cancer (CRC) based on fecal hemoglobin (f-Hb) concentration and clinical risk factors.

Methods: We reviewed screenees aged ˃= 50 years who underwent fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy and developed risk-scoring models for ACRN and CRC using logistic regression analysis. Participants were classified into low- (risk lower than that in FIT-negative individuals), intermediate- (risk higher than that in FIT-negative but lower than that in FIT-positive individuals), high- (risk similar to that in FIT-positive individuals), and very-high- (risk higher than that in FIT-positive individuals) risk groups.

Results: Of 3733 participants, 367 (9.8%) and 70 (1.9%) had ACRN and CRC, respectively. On multivariable analysis, age (beta = .043/y), former smoker (beta = .401), current smoker (beta = .841), diabetes (beta = .097), and square root of f-Hb concentration (beta = .071) were significantly associated with ACRN. In terms of CRC, age (beta = .035/y) and square root of f-Hb concentration (beta = .004) were associated factors. After point assignments based on the regression coefficient, we could classify screenees as low-, intermediate-, high-, and very-high-risk groups. ACRN was identified in 2.9%, 5.3%, 16.2%, and 35.7% of screenees in the low-, intermediate-, high-, and very-high-risk groups, respectively. CRC was identified in .1%,.5%, 3.9%, and 11.1% of screenees in the low-, intermediate-, high-, and very-high-risk groups, respectively.

Conclusions: The proposed models can effectively stratify the risk for ACRN and CRC and provide accurate information on this risk in individuals who undergo FIT.