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SI 엔진에서 에탄올-가솔린 혼합연료의 연소 및 배기 특성

Title
SI 엔진에서 에탄올-가솔린 혼합연료의 연소 및 배기 특성
Other Titles
Combustion and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a SI Engine Fueled with Ethanol-Gasoline Blended Fuel
Author
이도연
Alternative Author(s)
Lee, Do Youn
Advisor(s)
이창식
Issue Date
2008-02
Publisher
한양대학교
Degree
Master
Abstract
본 논문은 가솔린 연료의 대체연료로 각광 받고 있는 에탄올을 가솔린연료와 혼합하여 상용 4 기통 엔진에 적용, 친환경 대체연료로서의 가능성을 확인하고자, 점화 시기, 분사기간, 엔진회전속도, 엔진부하 등의 변화에 따른 연소 및 엔진성능특성과 배기 특성을 실험적으로 규명하여 최적운전조건을 선정하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는, 범용 ECU(Engine control unit)를 실험엔진에 장착된 다양한 엑츄에이터와 센서들, 그리고 이에 필요한 배터리 전원 등에 적용하였으며, 이를 통하여, 점화시기와 분사기간, 분사시기 등을 실험조건에 맞게 전자식으로 제어하고, 엔진회전속도, 스로틀밸브개도율, 냉각수 온도, 흡입공기 온도 등을 실시간으로 모니터링이 가능하게 하였다. 또한, 기존의 상용 ECU 의 점화시기와 분사기간 등의 중요 엔진제어 변수들의 데이터를 취득하여 이를 범용 ECU 에 적용, 다양한 실험조건에서 원활하게 엔진을 구동시켰으며, 세부적인 엔진 ECU 데이터의 보정은 공연비제어(Closed-loop lambda control)를 기반으로 수행하였다. 이러한, 실험엔진장치를 기반으로 하여, ECU 제어 소프트웨어를 이용, 다양한 엔진제어변수들을 통합적으로 실시간 제어하여 본 실험에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 실험연료로는 에탄올과 가솔린 연료를 부피비율로 각각 85%과 15%로 혼합한 에탄올-가솔린 혼합연료(E85)와 순수 가솔린연료를 선정하였으며, 실린더 내 장착된 압력 측정센서를 통하여 연소압력신호를 취득하였다. 취득된 연소압력 데이터를 이용하여, 연소시의 열발생율(Rate of heat release)과 질량연소율(Mass burned fraction)을 도출하여 두 연료 간의 연소특성을 분석하였다. 또한, EC 동력계(Eddy current dynamometer)를 이용하여 다양한 운전조건에서의 제동토크와 연료소비율 등을 측정하여, 에탄올-가솔린 혼합연료의 최적운전조건을 제시하였다. 마지막으로, HC, CO, NOX와 같은 유해배기 가스 저감을 위하여 점화시기와 엔진회전속도에 따른 두 연료 간 배기가스특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 본 논문에서는, 상기와 같은 연구를 바탕으로 기존 가솔린연료의 대체연료로서 에탄올-가솔린 혼합연료의 기존 가솔린엔진 엔진으로의 적용성과 배기가스를 저감시키는 친환경성을 확인하였다.; As a experimental investigation on the engine performance and combustion characteristics of a spark ignition engine fueled with ethanol-gasoline fuel blends, the commercial 1.6L SI engine equipped with four cylinder was tested to evaluate the effect of ethanol additives to gasoline. In this study, the engine performance such as BMEP, BSFC, MBT timing of ethanol-gasoline fuel blends was compared to those obtained by pure gasoline. For the comparison of combustion characteristics between ethanol-gasoline fuel blends and pure gasoline, rate of heat release and mass burned fraction derived from combustion pressure were investigated in terms of various ignition timing. The test fuels were gasoline without any additive and ethanol-gasoline blends E85 which consist of 85%wt ethanol and 15% gasoline and by volume ratio. The purity ratio of anhydrous ethanol is 99.9%. All engine tests were conducted at an air excess ratio of 1 and full load (WOT). For a fixed throttle opening at 0%∼100%, the injection strategy based on gasoline fuel was modified to maintaining lambda around 1 in the case of applying E85 to test engine. The engine speed ranging from 1000 to 3500rpm is fixed by EC dynamometer with constant engine speed mode. With this method, engine load can be adjusted by opening of throttle valve by 100 percent and brake torque correspond to each operating conditions is measured at control panel of EC dynamometer. In order to investigate effect of spark ignition timing with each fuel, spark ignition timing was manually adjusted by ECU control from TDC to BTDC 50°CA. In all the test, the coolant temperature and air temperature into intake manifold was kept at 70℃, 40℃, respectively. Result of this work showed that the effect of blending of ethanol to gasoline caused drastic decrease of emissions under all operating conditions. Also, improved engine performance such as BMEP was indicated for ethanol blended fuel. According to the increasing ignition timing above MBT timing such as BTDC°35, for the case of E85, improved stability of combustion and high peak combustion pressure was produced resulted from high octane rating of E85. And, engine performance such as BMEP, brake power was almost same, or rather increased than conventional gasoline fuel under various ignition timing, throttle valve opening, and engine speed. It can be said that high latent heat of vaporization enhanced charge efficiency of engine, high octane rating improved anti-knock quality. Finally, regulated emission gas such as HC, CO, and NOX is reduced for the case of E85 under various ignition timing, which is resulted from high oxygen component of E85.
URI
https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/147917http://hanyang.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000408112
Appears in Collections:
GRADUATE SCHOOL[S](대학원) > MECHANICAL ENGINEERING(기계공학과) > Theses (Master)
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