전차 운용유지 수리부속의 적기조달 개선 방안

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 국방조달의 주요 고객인 소요군에게 적기의 수리부속을 제공하여 군의 전력화 유지 및 경제적 운영에 기여할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 소요군에게 수리부속을 적기에 조달하기 위해서는 소요 애로부품의 최소화와 효율적 확보를 위한 계약제도의 도입이다. 방위사업청의 계약부서에서도 소요군에 적기의 수리부속을 조달하기 위하여 국방조달의 계약제도와 업무수행에 관한 사항을 지속적으로 보완하고 시행하고 있지만, 매년 보완되는 내용은 조달업무 수행 간 나타난 문제에 대한 사례의 개선이나, 이론적 측면에서의 개선방안에 한정되는 경향이 있어 실질적인 제도의 도입이나 신설은 한계가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구는 소요군에 적기의 수리부속을 조달하기 위하여 장기계약제도(장기계속계약제도 또는 계속비계약제도)의 도입을 제시하고자 하였다. 그러나, 본 연구도 수리부속의 품목의 방대성과 국내ㆍ외 조달집행의 이원화로 인하여 전차 운용유지 수리부속과 국내조달에 국한되어 진행되었다는 한계를 지닌다. 장기계약제도(장기계속계약제도 또는 계속비계약제도) 도입의 타당성과 필요성을 제시하기 위해 선행연구논문, 방위사업청 및 국방기술품질원에서 발행한 보고서, 정부계약 관한 법령 및 각종 자료를 활용하였고 방위사업청이 최근 3년간 계약한 전차수리부속에서 적기 미보급 건수를 수집하여 연구하였다. 수리부속의 장기계약제도(장기계속계약제도 또는 계속비계약제도)의 도입을 위해서는 우선 법적타당성이 필요한데 국가계약법 제21조(장기계속계약), 국가계약법시행령 제69조(장기계속계약 및 계속비계약), 방위사업법 제46조(계약의 특례 등), 방위사업법시행령 제60조(계약의 특례)의 법적 검토 결과 수리부속의 안정적 적기조달 방안으로 장기계약제도(장기계속계약제도 또는 계속비계약제도)를 적용하여도 시행상 문제점이 없는 것으로 보이지만 수리부속의 경상사업 외 중ㆍ장기 사업으로 편성 할 수 있도록 하는 국가계약법 및 예산회계법상의 규정 신설이 필요하다. 과거 3년간 계약체결 된 국내 전차 운용유지 수리부속 중 불출지연의 품목 현황을 분석하여 소요량의 추이와 지연기간과의 관계를 도출하여 어떠한 계약제도 도입이 수요군의 애로부품 발생을 최소할 것 인지를 제시하였다. 연구결과는 수리부속 적기조달을 위하여 소요량의 추이에 따라 장기계약을 장기계속계약제도와 계속비계약제도로 구분하고 적용하여 그 기대효과를 제시하였다. 수리부속의 적기 미보급 품목에 장기계속계약제도와 계속비계약제도를 도입함으로서 소요군, 방위사업청 계약부서, 군수납품업체에 대한 기대효과는 다음과 같다. 소요군에게는 수리부속의 안정적 보급으로 전투장비 가동률 향상/ 재고 고갈 방지 효과, 요구납기 충족으로 장비별 특성에 따라 계획정비 가능, 정비시설 및 정비인력 유휴화 방지 가능, 제품의 품질보증 및 사후관리가 용이하고 조달행정 소요기간 단축, 수리부속 보급 운영수준 감소로 예산절감 효과가 발생된다. 방위사업청 계약부서는 다년도 일시계약으로 조달판단, 원가산정, 입찰/ 협상 등 조달 행정절차의 간소화로 인한 행정비용 및 원가절감 효과, 예상되는 민원소요의 억제와 건전한 조달원 확보 및 정품조달이 가능하게 된다. 군수납품업체에게는 다년간 안정적 생산물량 확보로 고용안정, 계획예산, 기술개발 및 축적으로 인한 전문화가 가능하다. 또한, 2차년도 이후 물량 조기계약/ 납품으로 선급금 및 납품대금 조기지급으로 인한 경영여건의 향상 및 사전 생산계획 수립의 가능으로 적기납품능력 배양과 장기 생산용 원부자재 일시확보로 원가절감도 기대된다. 수리부속의 적기조달 방안으로 장기계약제도(장기계속계약제도 또는 계속비계약제도) 도입은 소요군, 계약부서, 업체 모두 승리하는 윈-윈 정책이 될 수 있을 것이다. 이와 같은 제도를 도입하기 위해서는 우선 관련 법규의 검토와 신설규정이 선행되어야 할 것이며 소요군, 계약부서, 업체 모두 새로운 제도 도입에 적극적인 참여의식이 필요 할 것이다.; The purpose of this study is to provide repair parts to the Korean military forces including army, navy, and air force as end-users of munition (hereinafter called the above mentioned military forces), which are a main customer for national defense procurement in a timely manner, to suggest a measure for contributing to the maintenance of fighting strength and economical operation of military forces. The method needed for procuring repair parts to the above Korean military forces at an appropriate time is to introduce the contract system for minimizing the required failed parts and for securing repair parts efficiently. Although the contract department of the Defense Acquisition Program Administration continuously complemented and carried out the affairs regarding the contract system and operation implementation related to national defense procurement, since the contents complemented every year tended to be limited to the improvement of cases with problems occurring during the implementation of procurement operations or to theoretical improvement measures, the real introduction or new establishment of the system had a limitation. Therefore, this study intends to suggest introducing the long-term contract system(long-term continuing contract system or continuing expenditure contract system) in order to procure repair parts to the above Korean military forces in a timely manner. However, this study also has a limitation in that it was progressed confined to repair parts for maintaining operation of tanks and domestic procurement, due to the division largely into the procurement execution at home and the one abroad and due to the massiveness of items to be repaired. I used prior research journals, reports issued from the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Defense Agency for Technology and Quality, laws regarding governmental contract, and various materials in order to suggest the legal validity and necessity of introduction of the long-term contract system(Long-term continuing contract system or continuing expenditure contract system), and I collected and researched cases in which repair parts were not provided in a timely manner from the tank repair parts for which the Defense Acquisition Program Administration concluded the contract for three year term. For introducing the long-term contract system(Long-term continuing contract system or continuing expenditure contract system) of repair parts, first, legal validity is required. Accordingly I reviewed the laws of Article 21 of the law of National Contract (Long-term continuing contract), Article 69 of Enforcement Decree of the law of National Contract(Long-term continuing contract system or continuing expenditure contract system), Article 46 of the Defense Business Act (special case of the contract), and Article 60 of the Enforcement Decree of the Defense Business Act (special case of the contract). As a result, there seems no problem in enforcement of the system even by applying the long-term contract system(Long-term continuing contract system or continuing expenditure contract system) as a measure for stable and early procuring of repair parts in a timely manner, but the regulations of the law of National Defense and the Budget Accounting Law enabling organizing into middle and long term businesses regarding repair parts in addition to the ordinary business regarding repair parts need to be newly established. I analyzed the current status of items of which the provision was delayed among repair parts for maintaining the operation of domestic tanks for which the contract for three year term was concluded in the past, induced the relationship between the transition of required quantity and delayed period to suggest which contract system introduction would minimize the occurrence of failed parts. I classified research results into the long-term continuing contract system and continuing expenditure contract and applied them according to the transition of required quantity in order to procure repair parts in a timely manner to suggest its expectation effect. The expectation effects for the above mentioned military forces, contract department of the Defense Acquisition Program Administration, and munition delivery companies by introducing the long-term continuing contract and continuing expenditure contract to the items(repair parts) not provided in a timely manner are as follows: As for the above mentioned military forces, the stable provision of repair parts to them enables the enhancement of the operating rate of combat equipments/effect for preventing stocks from being drained, and satisfaction of requirement delivery due time, so that the planned maintenance, the prevention of maintenance facility and maintenance service personnel from being unemployed, and the quality assurance and follow-up service of products become easy according to the characteristics for each equipment, and also the budget reduction effect is generated by reducing the required time for procuring administration, and lowering the levels of provision and operation of repair parts. As for the contract department of the defense Acquisition Program Administration, the administrative procedures for procurement, such as the management related to all procurement procedures by a short-time contract for many years, original cost calculation, bidding/consultation, etc. are simplified so that the civil requirements are inhibited, sound procurement source is secured, and procurement of choice goods is enabled. As for munition delivery companies, they enable professionalism due to the employment stability, planned budget, technology development and accumulation resulting from securing the production quantity stably for many years. Also, with the possible enhancement of management conditions and possible establishment of prior production plans due to the payment of prepaid money and delivery cost resulting from conclusion of the quantity early contract/delivery after the 2nd year, the capability of delivering items in a timely manner and a short time securing of raw materials for long-term production are enabled so that cost reduction is also expected. As measures for procuring repair parts in a timely manner, the introduction of the long-term contract system(Long-term continuing contract system or continuing expenditure contract system) probably will be able to be the win-win policy that means all of the above mentioned military forces, contract department, and companies win together. For the purpose of introducing such systems, first the review of related laws and establishment of new laws should be preceded, and all of the above mentioned military forces, contract department, and companies will need an active awareness for participating in introduction of the new system.