We present a simple chemical method for the growth of ZnO vertical rods composed of horizontally-stacked hexagonal platelets (VRHHP). The X-ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopy images were used for the structural elucidation and morphological analysis. Optical ultraviolet emission images recorded for the protein, protective antigen (PA), showed the sensing potentiality of chemically fabricated peptide-coupled (having PA83 affinity) ZnO VRHHP by enhancing photoluminescence signal. The optical image for ZnO VRHHP-bovine serum albumin-peptide systems is dark, proving that the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis has a strong biocompatibility.