집단미술치료가 이혼소송 중인 가정 청소년의 스트레스, 우울감 및 자기효능감, 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구는 이혼소송 중인 가정 청소년의 스트레스와 우울을 완화시키고, 이들의 자기효능감과 자아존중감을 높이기 위한 프로그램의 개발 및 프로그램의 효과성을 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 집단미술치료 프로그램은 이혼소송 중인 가정의 청소년들에게 같은 상황의 또래와의 접촉을 통해 자신을 개방하고 부정적 정서를 표출할 기회를 제공하고, 집단원들간의 공감적 이해와 수용을 바탕으로 자아존중감과 자기효능감을 제고함으로써 이혼 및 가족해체로 인한 정서적 문제를 완화시키는 효과가 있을 것으로 기대하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 다음의 세 가지 연구문제를 상정하였다. 첫째, 집단미술치료 프로그램이 이혼소송 중인 가정 청소년의 스트레스와 우울감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 집단미술치료 프로그램이 이혼소송 중인 가정 청소년의 자기효능감과 자아존중감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 셋째, 집단미술치료 프로그램이 부모의 이혼과정에서 나타나는 가족 갈등과 가족구조 변화를 대하는 이혼소송 중인 가정 청소년의 태도에 어떤 변화를 가져오는가? 이러한 연구문제를 검증하기 위해 본 연구에서는 이혼소송 중인 가정의 청소년들을 대상으로 15회기의 집단미술치료프로그램을 실시하였고, 프로그램의 효과성을 검증하기 위하여 사전, 사후 검사를 실시하였다. 또한 집단미술치료 프로그램에 참여하지 않은 통제집단을 설정하여, 실험집단과 동일한 시점에 사전, 사후검사를 하도록함으로써 프로그램의 효과를 비교검증하고자 하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단에 사용된 검사는 스트레스, Beck우울감, 자기효능감, 자아존중감, 동적가족화(KFD: Kinetic Family Drawing), 이야기 그림검사(DAS: Draw A Story), 빗속의 사람(PITR: Person In The Rain)으로, 사전검사와 사후검사에 동일하게 사용하였다. 집단미술치료 프로그램은 사전모임과 초기단계(1~3회기), 중기단계(4~10회기), 후기단계(11~13), 사후모임으로 진행되었으며, 매 회기마다 비디오 녹화와 관찰기록으로 집단원들의 변화를 파악 할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 집단미술치료 프로그램에 참여하였던 집단의 스트레스와 우울감이 통제집단에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다. 둘째, 집단미술치료프로그램에 참여한 집단은 통제집단에 비해 자기효능감과 자아존중감 정도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 셋째, 동적가족화와 인물상의 질적 분석을 통해 집단미술치료프로그램이 이혼소송 중인 가정 청소년의 가족 갈등과 가족구조 변화를 대하는 태도와 인식에 긍정적인 변화를 가져왔음을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 집단미술치료 프로그램에 대한 참여자들의 평가가 전반적으로 만족스러운 것으로 나타났고 특히 청소년의 동기를 유발시키는 독특한 매체 활용에 대한 반응이 좋았던 것으로 나타나 본 연구에서 사용된 집단미술치료프로그램이 청소년들에게 적합하고 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 본 연구에서 개발한 집단미술치료 프로그램은 이혼소송 중인 가정 청소년의 스트레스와 우울감 감소 및 자기효능감과 자아존중감 향상에 효과적인 것으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 이혼가정의 청소년을 대상으로 한 연구는 많으나 이혼소송 중인 가정의 청소년을 대상으로 진행된 것이라는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 또한 부모의 이혼과정에서 발생하는 심각한 갈등에 노출된 청소년의 심리․ 정서적 안정을 도모하고 정신적 고통과 충격으로부터 완충적인 역할을 하는 것으로서 중요한 의미가 있다. 집단프로그램의 원활한 진행을 위해 집단원들이 자발적으로 참여 할 수 있는 동기부여가 필요했다. 그리고 다소 경직되고, 부정적으로 인식되는 법원을 편안하고, 안정감 있는 분위기와 환경으로 개선하고, 집단프로그램이 끝난 후에도 집단원들에 대한 지속적인 관심과 지지를 위해 멘토링, 인터넷 자조모임을 구성하였으면 한다. 또한 이혼소송 중인 자녀들의 심리적 특성에 대한 전문적인 자질을 갖춘 이들의 참여와 사례분석 및 지속적인 연구와 교육이 필요할 것이다. 이혼소송 중인 가정 청소년 10명의 참여로 그 효과성을 일반화시키기에는 한계가 있었으며 이혼 후 개입프로그램은 많았으나 이혼소송 중인 가정의 청소년을 위한 프로그램과 연구가 전무한 상태로 프로그램 개발과 중재서비스를 위한 후속연구가 이루어졌으면 한다. | This study has the purpose to mitigate teenagers' stress and depression under their parents' divorce suit condition, to develop a program to increase their self-efficiency and self-esteem, and to verify it's effectiveness. It is expected that a group art therapy program provides some opportunities for the teenagers to open themselves and their negative emotions through their connections with peers. In addition, the program will have some effects to reduce their emotional problems caused from the divorce and family breakdown by making the teenagers reconsider their self esteem and self efficiency based on the program members' empathic understanding and acceptance. To verify these expectations, this study set following three(3) questions: First, what influences a group art therapy program takes on the stress and depression of teenagers under their parents' divorce suit? Second, what influences a group art therapy program takes on the self efficiency and self esteem of teenagers under their parents' divorce suit? Third, what changes a group art therapy program brings out in the teenagers' attitudes toward some family conflicts and changes in family structure? To investigate these questions, this study performed a group art program 15 times targeting some teenagers under their parents' divorce suit, and carried out pretests and follow-up tests to verify the program's effectiveness. And the researcher set the control group as other teenagers not participating in the program, and compared their results from the same pretests and follow-up tests with the experiment group's. The tests used in the experiment and control groups were the daily stress scale, the Beck depression inventory, the self efficiency test, the self esteem test, the KFD(Kinetic Family Drawing), the DAS(Draw-a-Story), the PITR(Person In The Rain), and they were used equally in pretest and follow-up tests. The group art therapy program was performed during the preliminary meeting, the early period(1~3 sessions), the middle period(4~10 sessions), the latter period(11~13 sessions), and the final period. At every session, the video recording and observational were carried out to grasp any changes in the group members. Main results of this study are as follows: First, the experiment group participating in the group art therapy program showed significantly more decrease in terms of stress and depression compared to those of control group. Second, the experiment group showed significantly more increase in terms of self efficiency and self esteem compared to those of the control group. Third, through the qualitative analysis on the results of KFD test and DAS test, it was found that the group art therapy program could bring out some positive changes in teenagers' attitudes toward family conflicts and changes in family structure. Fourth, the program participants evaluated the group art therapy program as satisfying one, and especially showed favorable responses to its unique media utilization style motivating them. So the group art therapy program used in this study was proved to be a suitable and effective on toward teenagers. Looking at above results, this study could see that the group art therapy program developed in this study was effective to teenagers under their parents' divorce suit in decreasing their stress and depress and increasing their self efficiency and self esteem. Although there have been many researches toward teenagers under divorced parent, this study is meaningful in that it was developed targeting some teenagers under their parents' divorce suit. In addition, this study has some importance in proving that an group art therapy program as a buffer helps some teenagers faced serious conflicts caused from their parents' divorce to keep their psychological, emotional stabilities and to mitigate their distress and shock. This study found that such a group program needs some motivations for the members' voluntary participation for its active operation. And this study found that the family law recognized a little strict and negative place needs to improve its atmosphere and environment into more comfortable and stable. Even finishing a kind of group program, this study hopes that the program members will consist some mentoring and on-line self-support meetings to provide continual interest and support. In addition, this study will require the participation of people with professional qualities on the psychological characteristics of children from families under a divorce suit, their involvement with the case studies, and continuous research and education on it. There was a limit to generalize the effectiveness of the study with the participation of 10 adolescents from families under a divorce suit. There are lots of after divorce intervention programs in previous studies but no program and study at all for adolescent children from families under a divorce suit. Therefore, following studies on a program development and a mediation service for them are expected.; This study has the purpose to mitigate teenagers' stress and depression under their parents' divorce suit condition, to develop a program to increase their self-efficiency and self-esteem, and to verify it's effectiveness. It is expected that a group art therapy program provides some opportunities for the teenagers to open themselves and their negative emotions through their connections with peers. In addition, the program will have some effects to reduce their emotional problems caused from the divorce and family breakdown by making the teenagers reconsider their self esteem and self efficiency based on the program members' empathic understanding and acceptance. To verify these expectations, this study set following three(3) questions: First, what influences a group art therapy program takes on the stress and depression of teenagers under their parents' divorce suit? Second, what influences a group art therapy program takes on the self efficiency and self esteem of teenagers under their parents' divorce suit? Third, what changes a group art therapy program brings out in the teenagers' attitudes toward some family conflicts and changes in family structure? To investigate these questions, this study performed a group art program 15 times targeting some teenagers under their parents' divorce suit, and carried out pretests and follow-up tests to verify the program's effectiveness. And the researcher set the control group as other teenagers not participating in the program, and compared their results from the same pretests and follow-up tests with the experiment group's. The tests used in the experiment and control groups were the daily stress scale, the Beck depression inventory, the self efficiency test, the self esteem test, the KFD(Kinetic Family Drawing), the DAS(Draw-a-Story), the PITR(Person In The Rain), and they were used equally in pretest and follow-up tests. The group art therapy program was performed during the preliminary meeting, the early period(1~3 sessions), the middle period(4~10 sessions), the latter period(11~13 sessions), and the final period. At every session, the video recording and observational were carried out to grasp any changes in the group members. Main results of this study are as follows: First, the experiment group participating in the group art therapy program showed significantly more decrease in terms of stress and depression compared to those of control group. Second, the experiment group showed significantly more increase in terms of self efficiency and self esteem compared to those of the control group. Third, through the qualitative analysis on the results of KFD test and DAS test, it was found that the group art therapy program could bring out some positive changes in teenagers' attitudes toward family conflicts and changes in family structure. Fourth, the program participants evaluated the group art therapy program as satisfying one, and especially showed favorable responses to its unique media utilization style motivating them. So the group art therapy program used in this study was proved to be a suitable and effective on toward teenagers. Looking at above results, this study could see that the group art therapy program developed in this study was effective to teenagers under their parents' divorce suit in decreasing their stress and depress and increasing their self efficiency and self esteem. Although there have been many researches toward teenagers under divorced parent, this study is meaningful in that it was developed targeting some teenagers under their parents' divorce suit. In addition, this study has some importance in proving that an group art therapy program as a buffer helps some teenagers faced serious conflicts caused from their parents' divorce to keep their psychological, emotional stabilities and to mitigate their distress and shock. This study found that such a group program needs some motivations for the members' voluntary participation for its active operation. And this study found that the family law recognized a little strict and negative place needs to improve its atmosphere and environment into more comfortable and stable. Even finishing a kind of group program, this study hopes that the program members will consist some mentoring and on-line self-support meetings to provide continual interest and support. In addition, this study will require the participation of people with professional qualities on the psychological characteristics of children from families under a divorce suit, their involvement with the case studies, and continuous research and education on it. There was a limit to generalize the effectiveness of the study with the participation of 10 adolescents from families under a divorce suit. There are lots of after divorce intervention programs in previous studies but no program and study at all for adolescent children from families under a divorce suit. Therefore, following studies on a program development and a mediation service for them are expected.