보육시설의 보육공간에 적용된 감성디자인 표현 특성에 관한 연구

Abstract

현대사회는 가족구조의 변화 및 여성의 사회참여 증가 등으로 인해 자녀의 양육과 보육이 가정과 더불어 사회적으로도 그 책임과 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 성장 발달이 빠르고 감수성이 예민한 아동이 가정을 제외하고 태어나 경험하는 첫 사회환경이라 할 수 있는 보육시설은 아동의 성장 발달에 있어서 중요한 영향을 끼친다. 즉, 보육시설을 아동들에게 긍정적인 감성 자극을 줄 수 있는 공간으로 계획하여 정서적 만족을 이끌어 내는 것이 매우 중요한 의미를 갖기 때문에 보육시설의 실내계획이 아동의 감성에 맞추어져야 하며, 특히 보육공간은 아동의 주요 생활공간이기 때문에 편안하고 친근한 환경을 제공하여 재미있고 다양한 경험을 할 수 있도록 계획되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 아동의 주요 생활 공간인 보육공간에 적용된 감성디자인 표현 특성을 분석하여 향후 아동들의 감성적 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 공간디자인을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 한다.

본 연구의 방법은 현장방문을 통한 사례조사로 진행되었다. 서울시에 위치한 시설중심의 보육시설로서 ‘어린이집’이라 칭하는 법인, 단체 또는 개인이 설치 ․ 운영하는 민간보육시설 4곳을 대상으로 2011년 5월 11일부터 5월 25일까지 현장방문을 통해 사례조사를 실시하였다.

본 연구의 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.

보육시설의 보육공간에 적용된 감성디자인 표현 특성별로 항목을 분석한 결과, 공간의 지원성이 가장 잘 작용되어 있었으며, 공간의 지원성, 공간의 체험성, 공간의 연속성, 공간의 상징성 순서로 나타났다. 이것은 아동이 활동하는데 있어서 신체적으로나 심리적인 불편함을 주는 요소들이 비교적 적게 나타나는 반면, 공간의 구성 요소들을 통해 공간별 특성을 명확하게 표현하는 것과 공간만의 고유한 이미지를 부각시킬 수 있는 특별한 요소들의 도입하는 것이 미흡하다는 결과로 해석된다. 공간의 체험성 특성을 살펴보면 자연친화적 재료인 원목재료를 사용하고 있었고, 실내조경이나 화분 등을 배치하여 실내에 직접적으로 자연물을 도입하거나 실외공간에 작은 정원 및 텃밭을 조성하는 등의 방법으로 자연친화적 요소를 도입하고 있었다. 그러나 대부분의 시설이 벽, 바닥, 천장의 형태는 단순하게 평면적으로 표현되어 있었고, 벽, 바닥, 천장에 사용된 재료 및 색채는 어둡거나 거칠지 않은 무채색계열로 일괄적으로 표현하여 오감의 체험보다는 안정감을 주는 방향으로 나타나고 있었다. 공간의 연속성 특성을 살펴보면 연속적인 시지각적 체험을 통한 이동 동선의 방향 유도를 위하여 벽, 바닥에 사용되는 재료 및 색채를 아동의 시선에 맞는 위치에 연속적으로 사용하고 있었다. 그러나 이동 동선의 방향 설정을 위한 시각적 목표점으로써 적용될 수 있는 다양한 설치물의 도입은 보여지지 않았다. 따라서 아동의 시각적 흥미를 자극할 수 있는 다양한 요소들을 연속적으로 배치하여 아동이 능동적으로 이동하도록 유도하고, 이것을 통해 이동 동선에 따른 공간의 연속적인 경험을 할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 공간의 지원성 특성을 살펴보면 융통성있는 공간 조성에 있어서 이동시키기 쉬운 가구 및 집기의 활용은 대체적으로 적용되어 있었으나, 넓은 공간의 확보는 보육시설의 규모적인 제한으로 인해 적용이 미비하였다. 또한 안전한 환경 인식에 있어서는 공간 내 사용된 마감재료에는 적용되어 있지 않았으나 가구 및 집기의 모서리 마감은 대부분 적용되어 있었다. 쾌적한 환경 제공에 있어서는 재료의 사용이나 장치적 요소의 적용이 미비하였다. 공간의 상징성 특성을 살펴보면 가구와 교구 그리고 색채에 따라 공간을 영역별로 구분하고 있었다. 학습공간에는 책상 및 의자, 교구장, 다양한 학습교구를 배치하였고 놀이 공간에는 시각적 관심을 이끄는 다양한 원색의 색채가 적용된 놀이기구 및 놀이교구를 배치하고 있었다. 그러나 아동의 흥미를 불러일으킬 수 있는 독창적인 가구 및 집기나 설치물은 대부분 적용되어 있지 않았다. 따라서 아동이 공간에 대한 인식을 보다 쉽고 재미있게 할 수 있도록 공간에 대한 호기심을 자극할 수 있는 독특하고 유희적인 요소들을 배치하여 공간만의 고유한 이미지를 부각시킬 필요가 있다.

본 연구는 사례조사를 통해 보육시설의 보육공간에 적용된 감성디자인 표현 특성을 분석하였다. 그러나 아동의 감성적 욕구를 객관적이고 심층적으로 파악하는데 제한이 있으므로 아동의 활동을 관찰하고 인터뷰를 병행하여 감성디자인이 적용된 공간계획의 특성을 체계화하고 보다 구체적으로 공간에 표현을 할 수 있는 후속연구가 필요하다. |The responsibility and importance of child-rearing and child care had socially and domestically been increased due to a change in family structure and an increase in women's social participation in the modern society. The child care facility, that could be considered as the first social environment where children who grew and developed fast, and were very sensitive by nature experienced after they had been born, exerted very important influence on the growth and development of children. In other words, the child care facility had very important significance in that it had to have been planned as a space where children could receive positive stimulation of sensitivity. Thus, an interior plan of the child care facility had to match to children's sensitivities. Especially, a child-care space had to be planned so that children could have interesting and various experiences in the easy and familiar environment because it was the major life space of children. Therefore, this study attempted to analyzed expression characteristics of human sensitivity design applied to child care space, children's major life space, base on this importance of the child care facility, and suggest basic data for spatial design that could meet sensitive desires of children in the future.

This study reviewed composition factors of interior space and arrangement characteristics of child-care space and conducted a case research through the site visit. This study conducted a case research through the site visit for 4 private child-care facilities called 'Children's House (or Day care Center)" that a corporation, an organization, or an individual had established and managed among facility-centered child-care faculties located in Seoul based on a check-list between May 11 and May 25, 2011.

Results of this study were summarized as follows.

As a result that items were analyzed according to expression characteristics of sensitivity designs applied to child care space of child-care facilities, supportiveness in space were applied the best. Then, experience and continuity, in space and symbolism of space showed in order following supportiveness of space. Factors that gave physically or psychologically inconvenience in children's activities appeared comparatively less. On the other hand, it was insufficient that characteristics by the space were clearly expressed through composition factors of space and special elements that could give salience to space's own unique image were introduced.

In relation to experience in space, hardwood, eco-friendly materials, was used for finishes of floors, ceilings, and walls, furnitures, and supplies were. Natural objects were introduced into indoors through arrangement of interior landscaping and pots or eco-friendly elements such as building a small garden or a vegetable garden were introduced at the outside. However, forms of walls, floors, and ceilings were two-dimensionally expressed in most facilities. Materials or colors used on walls, floors, and ceilings were almost similarly expressed in dark or soft pale colors to give more stability than experience of five senses.

In terms of continuity in space, materials and colors used on walls and floors were continuously used at the location fit to children's eyes to induce the direction of the flow of human movement through continuous visual experience. But, there was no introduction of various installment objects that could be applied as visual objectives to set-up the direction of movement. Therefore, various elements that could stimulate visual interests of children had to be continuously arranged so that children could be induced to move actively and have continuous experience in space according to the flow of movement through this.

Concerning the supportiveness in space, the utilization of movable furniture and supplies were generally applied in the construction of flexible space. But, the securement of wide space was inadequately applied due to the limitation on scale of a child-care facility. Moreover, awareness about safe environment was not applied to finish materials used in space, but applied to corner finishes of furniture and supplies. The use of materials or the application of elements in installation was incompletely applied in provision of pleasant environment.

Regarding symbolism of space, spaces were divided by the area as various educational tools such as desks and chairs, educational tool boxes were arranged in learning space, and play equipments and educational tools for play, that colors of various primary colors that attracted visual interest were applied, were arranged in play space. However, original furniture, supplies, or installations that could arouse children's interest were not nearly applied. Therefore, there was a need of stressing space's own unique image by arranging special and entertained elements that could stimulate curiosity about space so that children could recognize space more easily and excitingly. This study analyzed expression characteristics of sensitivity design applied to child-care spaces of a child-care facility. However, there was necessity of follow-up studies that characteristics of the space planning that sensitive design was applied could be systematized and more concretely expressed in a space because there was limitation in investigating sensitive desires of children objectively and thoroughly.; The responsibility and importance of child-rearing and child care had socially and domestically been increased due to a change in family structure and an increase in women's social participation in the modern society. The child care facility, that could be considered as the first social environment where children who grew and developed fast, and were very sensitive by nature experienced after they had been born, exerted very important influence on the growth and development of children. In other words, the child care facility had very important significance in that it had to have been planned as a space where children could receive positive stimulation of sensitivity. Thus, an interior plan of the child care facility had to match to children's sensitivities. Especially, a child-care space had to be planned so that children could have interesting and various experiences in the easy and familiar environment because it was the major life space of children. Therefore, this study attempted to analyzed expression characteristics of human sensitivity design applied to child care space, children's major life space, base on this importance of the child care facility, and suggest basic data for spatial design that could meet sensitive desires of children in the future.

This study reviewed composition factors of interior space and arrangement characteristics of child-care space and conducted a case research through the site visit. This study conducted a case research through the site visit for 4 private child-care facilities called 'Children's House (or Day care Center)" that a corporation, an organization, or an individual had established and managed among facility-centered child-care faculties located in Seoul based on a check-list between May 11 and May 25, 2011.

Results of this study were summarized as follows.

As a result that items were analyzed according to expression characteristics of sensitivity designs applied to child care space of child-care facilities, supportiveness in space were applied the best. Then, experience and continuity, in space and symbolism of space showed in order following supportiveness of space. Factors that gave physically or psychologically inconvenience in children's activities appeared comparatively less. On the other hand, it was insufficient that characteristics by the space were clearly expressed through composition factors of space and special elements that could give salience to space's own unique image were introduced.

In relation to experience in space, hardwood, eco-friendly materials, was used for finishes of floors, ceilings, and walls, furnitures, and supplies were. Natural objects were introduced into indoors through arrangement of interior landscaping and pots or eco-friendly elements such as building a small garden or a vegetable garden were introduced at the outside. However, forms of walls, floors, and ceilings were two-dimensionally expressed in most facilities. Materials or colors used on walls, floors, and ceilings were almost similarly expressed in dark or soft pale colors to give more stability than experience of five senses.

In terms of continuity in space, materials and colors used on walls and floors were continuously used at the location fit to children's eyes to induce the direction of the flow of human movement through continuous visual experience. But, there was no introduction of various installment objects that could be applied as visual objectives to set-up the direction of movement. Therefore, various elements that could stimulate visual interests of children had to be continuously arranged so that children could be induced to move actively and have continuous experience in space according to the flow of movement through this.

Concerning the supportiveness in space, the utilization of movable furniture and supplies were generally applied in the construction of flexible space. But, the securement of wide space was inadequately applied due to the limitation on scale of a child-care facility. Moreover, awareness about safe environment was not applied to finish materials used in space, but applied to corner finishes of furniture and supplies. The use of materials or the application of elements in installation was incompletely applied in provision of pleasant environment.

Regarding symbolism of space, spaces were divided by the area as various educational tools such as desks and chairs, educational tool boxes were arranged in learning space, and play equipments and educational tools for play, that colors of various primary colors that attracted visual interest were applied, were arranged in play space. However, original furniture, supplies, or installations that could arouse children's interest were not nearly applied. Therefore, there was a need of stressing space's own unique image by arranging special and entertained elements that could stimulate curiosity about space so that children could recognize space more easily and excitingly. This study analyzed expression characteristics of sensitivity design applied to child-care spaces of a child-care facility. However, there was necessity of follow-up studies that characteristics of the space planning that sensitive design was applied could be systematized and more concretely expressed in a space because there was limitation in investigating sensitive desires of children objectively and thoroughly.