치매노인을 고려한 서울형 데이케어센터 공간계획 연구

Abstract

우리나라는 최근 급격한 노령화 탓인 요·보호 노인의 증가와 함께 고령화 사회로 진입하고 있으며, 고령자의 대표적 질환 중 치매또한 증가 추세이다. 그러나 여성의 사회 진출, 핵가족화, 독거노인 인구의 증가 ??문에 전통적인 방식의 가정에서 치매 노인 부양기능이 약화하고 있으며, 치매노인을 위한 노인복지시설에 대한 급속한 수요증대를 가져왔다. 서울시는 해결방안으로 2008년 데이케어센터를 제시했다. 노인성 질환을 겪고 있는 어르신들을 위해 운영해오던 주·야간 보호소에서 나아가, 2009년부터 ‘치매 걱정 없는 서울’을 목표로 서울형 데이케어센터 인증제를 도입하여, 서울 시내 곳곳에 서울형 데이케어센터 163여 곳이 운영 중이며, 이용자는 총 4,000여 명에 달한다. 서울형 데이케어센터 수는 1년 새 두 배 가까이 증가하였으나, 양적인 확대에 급급하여 질적인 공급이 함께 이루어지지 못하고 있으며, 서울형 데이케어센터는 치매노인을 위한 시설임에도 노인복지 시설 중 재가노인 복지시설 주·야간 보호소로 분류되어 있어, 실사용자인 치매노인의 특성을 반영한 공간계획 및 시설기준이 적절하지 않아 사용에서 여러 문제점을 안고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 치매에 대한 문헌 고찰을 통해 치매노인 개념 및 유형을 알아보고 이를 통해 치매협회와 보건복지부에서 제시하는 치매환자의 행동특성과 문제 행동 대처방안에 대해 치매노인의 특성을 분석하여 치매전문가가 운영하는 3곳의 사례를 통해 치매노인을 고려한 공간을 조사하였다. 연구의 목적은 치매노인을 고려한 서울형 데이케어센터의 공간계획 시 기초자료를 제공에 목적이 있다. (1) 조사대상 3곳 시설의 위치는 도심부에 있고 주택밀집지역에 근접해 있으며, 시설 층은 저층부인 4층에 위치하는 것으로 나타났고, 단독형 시설로 나타났다. (2) 치매환자의 행동특성 중 치매협회에서 제시하는 배회, 뒤짐, 훔침, 쌓아둠, 감각장애에 대해 고려한 배회공간, 개인별 수납공간을 제공하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. (3) 치매환자의 문제행동 대처방안 중 보건복지부에서 제시하는 실금 및 실변, 수집 및 불결행위, 이식 및 과식행동, 목용거부에 대해 고려한 낙상을 고려하여 매트리스 사용, 주방에 문을 설치, 미끄럼 방지타일 설치등 치매노인을 고려한 제공하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. (4) 조사대상의 시설 면적은 193㎡~299㎡ 평균 250㎡로 법적 시설기준인 전체면적 5인/90㎡, 20인/182.4㎡보다 70㎡ 이상의 공간을 더 제공하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 다양한 공간특성이 있는 사례를 조사한 결과 서울형 데이케어센터의 치매노인을 고려한 시설은 데이케어센터의 인증제도 및 법적 설치기준 이외의 배회 공간, 개인별 수납공간, 치유환경, 장기기억 공간 등 치매노인을 고려한 건축공간을 제시하고 있다. |ABSTRACT

A Study on the Space Plan of the Typical Seoul Daycare Center Considering the Characteristics of the Dementia Elderly - Focus on the Seoul Daycare Center linked in Dementia Association -

Yoo, Jae Hyun Dept. of Architecture The Graduate school Hanyang University

Korea is recently breaking into the increase of the elderly that nursing and protection are required and the aging society because of rapid aging. Alzheimer's disease of the typical ones of the elderly tends to increase. But the function to support the elderly with Alzheimer's disease at home by the traditional method has weakened because of entry of society by women, nuclearization, and increase of the elderly who live in the house alone and demands of rehabilitation facilities for the aged for the elderly with Alzheimer's disease has rapidly increased. Seoul city suggested the daycare center as a solution in 2008. Day and night protective shelters which have been operated for the elderly with geriatric diseases were developed, Seoul-typed daycare center certification was introduced aiming at 'Seoul which is not worried about Alzheimer's disease' in 2009, and the more than 163 Seoul-typed daycare centers are being operated throughout the city and the users reach more than 4,000 persons. The number of the Seoul-typed day care centers increased by nearly two times during one year. But it's just the quantitative increase and the qualitative supply cannot be done together. The Seoul-typed day care centers have several problems in use because the space plan and facility standard which reflect the characteristics of the elderly with Alzheimer's disease are not proper as it is classified into the day and night protective shelters of the rehabilitation facilities for the aged even though it is the facility for them. Therefore, this study examined the concept and type of the elderly with Alzheimer's disease through a review of literature about it, analyzed their characteristics about the their behavioral characteristics and the plans to cope with the problem behaviors that the Korean Association for Dementia and the Ministry of Health and Welfare suggest through this, and investigated space which considers the elderly with Alzheimer's disease through the cases of three places that dementia specialists operate. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data when space of the Seoul-typed daycare center which considers the elderly with Alzheimer's disease is planned.; ABSTRACT

A Study on the Space Plan of the Typical Seoul Daycare Center Considering the Characteristics of the Dementia Elderly - Focus on the Seoul Daycare Center linked in Dementia Association -

Yoo, Jae Hyun Dept. of Architecture The Graduate school Hanyang University

Korea is recently breaking into the increase of the elderly that nursing and protection are required and the aging society because of rapid aging. Alzheimer's disease of the typical ones of the elderly tends to increase. But the function to support the elderly with Alzheimer's disease at home by the traditional method has weakened because of entry of society by women, nuclearization, and increase of the elderly who live in the house alone and demands of rehabilitation facilities for the aged for the elderly with Alzheimer's disease has rapidly increased. Seoul city suggested the daycare center as a solution in 2008. Day and night protective shelters which have been operated for the elderly with geriatric diseases were developed, Seoul-typed daycare center certification was introduced aiming at 'Seoul which is not worried about Alzheimer's disease' in 2009, and the more than 163 Seoul-typed daycare centers are being operated throughout the city and the users reach more than 4,000 persons. The number of the Seoul-typed day care centers increased by nearly two times during one year. But it's just the quantitative increase and the qualitative supply cannot be done together. The Seoul-typed day care centers have several problems in use because the space plan and facility standard which reflect the characteristics of the elderly with Alzheimer's disease are not proper as it is classified into the day and night protective shelters of the rehabilitation facilities for the aged even though it is the facility for them. Therefore, this study examined the concept and type of the elderly with Alzheimer's disease through a review of literature about it, analyzed their characteristics about the their behavioral characteristics and the plans to cope with the problem behaviors that the Korean Association for Dementia and the Ministry of Health and Welfare suggest through this, and investigated space which considers the elderly with Alzheimer's disease through the cases of three places that dementia specialists operate. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data when space of the Seoul-typed daycare center which considers the elderly with Alzheimer's disease is planned.