STEAM 교육에 근거한 2009 개정 고등학교 과학 교과서 분석

Abstract

세계는 지금 과학인재양성을 위한 노력을 하고 있다. 과학기술시대가 요구하는 높은 수준의 창의성과 인성을 기르기 위해서는 무엇보다도 융합적 사고를 가진 창의적 과학인재 양성이 필요하다. 융합인재교육(STEAM)은 과학기술에 대한 학생들의 흥미와 이해를 높이고, 과학기술 기반의 융합적 사고와 문제해결력을 배양하는 교육이다. STEAM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics)교육은 과학, 기술, 공학, 예술, 수학의 내용을 융합적으로 연계하여 가르침으로써, 현대 사회를 살아가는 데에 필요한 과학적 지식과 기술을 가지며 STEAM의 본성을 이해하고 인문학적 안목을 지닌 교양인을 양성하는 데에 있다. 본 연구는 2011년부터 시행된 2009 개정 교육과정 고등학교 과학교과서를 STEAM(과학-기술-공학-예술-수학)교육 관점에서 분석하였다. 4종의 교과서를 선택하여 STEAM 교육 내용이 차지하는 비율을 교과서별, 단원별로 분석하였고, 물리영역에서의 STEAM 교육 요소가 어느 정도 포함되어 있는지 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 4종의 고등학교 교과서들은 대부분 2009 개정 과학과 교육과정에 제시된 과학 교과의 성격과 목표, 내용 등을 충실히 반영하여 기술, 공학, 예술, 수학의 내용을 융합적으로 다양하게 제시하고 있었다. 교과서별로 STEAM 요소의 포함비율은 달랐지만, 모든 교과서는 과학 기술 응용, 과학자 이야기, 과학의 역사, 수치 데이터 등의 다양한 STEAM 내용을 통하여 과학이라는 학문에 학생들이 포괄적인 시야를 갖도록 노력하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 단원별 내용에 따라 분포된 STEAM 요소를 분석해 본 결과 단원별 내용의 성격에 따라 STEAM 요소 적용의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 단원별 STEAM 요소 분석을 통해 물리 영역에서 STEAM교육의 요소가 얼마나 다루어지고 있는가를 분석한 결과, 물리영역의 성격에 따라 STEAM 요소의 포함 정도가 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 현재 물리 영역에서는 STEAM 요소의 활용이 물리의 이론적 지식에 대한 몇 가지 요소에만 집중되는 경향을 보이고 있어 다양한 요소들의 활용이 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 우리나라의 융합인재교육(STEAM)이 성과를 내기 위해서는 국가 수준에서 교육과정의 개정, 총론 개발 등의 체제를 개편하는 것도 중요하지만 교과서의 STEAM 요소 개발, 학교에서 적용할 수 있는 교육프로그램의 개발, 교수 학습자료 개발 등이 가장 선행되어야 할 것이다.| The world has been working on the human resource cultivation in Science and Technology. We need creative talent with convergent thinking to raise a high level of creativity and humanity required in the era of science and technology. STEAM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) is a fusion education intended to increase students' interests and understanding in science and technology based on problem-solving and fusion thinking. STEAM education aims at cultivating cultured people who have a literary viewpoint as well as scientific knowledge and skills necessary for living in the modern society by combining the contents of science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics. This study analyzed four kinds of high school science textbooks revised in 2009 and used since 2011 from the perspective of STEAM education. The study shows what percentage of STEAM elements each textbook or each unit contains in the area of physics. First, the fours high school textbooks mostly reflect faithfully the nature and goals of the science curriculum revised in 2009: the convergence of the contents of technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics. Although there are differences in the proportion of each STEAM element, all the textbooks lead students to have a comprehensive view on science through the application of science and technology, stories about scientists, history of science, and numerical data. Second, the result of analysis of STEAM elements based on the contents of each unit shows that there is a difference in the application of STEAM elements depending on the nature of each unit. Third, through each chapter STEAM element analysis of STEAM education in the physical realm, how the elements are addressed, which analyzes the results, STEAM contain elements of different things, depending on the nature of the physical realm could see. However, the current use of STEAM elements tends to focus on theoretical knowledge about the physics of some elements in the physical realm so it lacks to take advantage of a variety of factors. Revision of the curriculum, and development, including Introduction to revamp the system at the national level in order to Korea, a fusion of talent education (STEAM) performance is important, but STEAM elements of textbook development, the development of training programs should be applied in the school. Then Professor learning materials development will be the most beneficent.; The world has been working on the human resource cultivation in Science and Technology. We need creative talent with convergent thinking to raise a high level of creativity and humanity required in the era of science and technology. STEAM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) is a fusion education intended to increase students' interests and understanding in science and technology based on problem-solving and fusion thinking. STEAM education aims at cultivating cultured people who have a literary viewpoint as well as scientific knowledge and skills necessary for living in the modern society by combining the contents of science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics. This study analyzed four kinds of high school science textbooks revised in 2009 and used since 2011 from the perspective of STEAM education. The study shows what percentage of STEAM elements each textbook or each unit contains in the area of physics. First, the fours high school textbooks mostly reflect faithfully the nature and goals of the science curriculum revised in 2009: the convergence of the contents of technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics. Although there are differences in the proportion of each STEAM element, all the textbooks lead students to have a comprehensive view on science through the application of science and technology, stories about scientists, history of science, and numerical data. Second, the result of analysis of STEAM elements based on the contents of each unit shows that there is a difference in the application of STEAM elements depending on the nature of each unit. Third, through each chapter STEAM element analysis of STEAM education in the physical realm, how the elements are addressed, which analyzes the results, STEAM contain elements of different things, depending on the nature of the physical realm could see. However, the current use of STEAM elements tends to focus on theoretical knowledge about the physics of some elements in the physical realm so it lacks to take advantage of a variety of factors. Revision of the curriculum, and development, including Introduction to revamp the system at the national level in order to Korea, a fusion of talent education (STEAM) performance is important, but STEAM elements of textbook development, the development of training programs should be applied in the school. Then Professor learning materials development will be the most beneficent.