내부노동시장이 기업별 노동조합 형성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 논문은 내부노동시장이 기업별 노동조합의 형성에 미치는 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 해방 이후 조선맥주의 사례를 통해 내부노동시장과 전략적 선택의 상호작용 속에서 한국의 기업별 노동조합이 형성되었음을 밝혔다. 이를 위해 먼저, 기업별 노동조합 형성에 대한 역사적∙인과적 요인을 설명하고, 노사 주체가 어떠한 전략적 선택을 하였는가를 KKM(1986)의 전략적 선택모형을 활용하여 분석하였다.

연구목적을 달성하기 위해 내부노동시장의 개념을 포괄적으로 확대하는 것이 필요함을 제기하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 노동시장과 노동조합의 상호관계에 대하여 서구유럽형 발전경로와 후발공업국형 발전경로를 보여주는 모형을 통해 양자간의 관계가 역사적으로 상이하다는 점을 제기하였다.

사례분석 결과 연구모형은 이론적으로나 현실적으로 상당부분 타당성이 있었다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 조선맥주의 내부노동시장은 현재와 같이 정교하지는 못했다 하더라도 상당부분 구조화되고 있는 상황이었다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 내부노동시장적 특성들은 노동조합의 형성에 있어서도 그것을 유지하는 방향으로 노사에 영향을 미쳤음을 확인하였다. 두 번째, 조선맥주 노사는 조선맥주를 둘러싼 외부환경과 내부상황을 바탕으로 노사주체의 이해를 반영할 수 있는 최적의 대안으로서 기업별 노동조합을 선택하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 노사 주체들은 시대적으로 혼란스러운 상황에서 안정적이고 원만하게 자신들의 이해를 반영할 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 이러한 노력은 협조적인 노사관계의 지향을 유도하면서 기업별 노동조합의 결성으로 귀결되었던 것이다. 세 번째, 기업별 노동조합의 형성 이후에는 노동조합효과와 내부노동시장적 요인이 결합하여 내부노동시장을 강화시키는 역할을 하면서 내부노동시장과 노동조합은 지속적으로 상호작용하는 관계임을 도출할 수 있었다.

본 논문의 이론적 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 노동시장의 관점에서 기업별 노동조합의 형성과정을 추적하였다는 점이다. 두 번째, 내부노동시장과 기업별 노동조합간의 인과관계에 관한 체계적인 분석틀과 노사의 전략적 선택의 중요성을 제시하였다는 점이다. 세 번째, 기업별 노동조합 형성의 핵심 요인으로서 내부노동시장 요인의 일반화 가능성을 모색할 수 있다는 점이다.

본 논문의 실용적 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 노동시장의 환경변화에 따른 노사의 전략과 대응에 있어서 새로운 생존전략을 모색하고 다양한 대응책 제시와 그것의 분석 가능성을 제고할 수 있다는 점이다. 두 번째, 최근 서구에서 확대되고 있는 단체교섭 분권화 경향의 배경을 노동시장 구조의 변화와 연계하여 분석하고 대응할 수 있다는 점이다. 세 번째, 최근 주목하고 있는 산별 노조로의 전환문제 역시 노동시장환경의 변화 양상을 바탕으로 현실적인 가능성을 제시할 수 있다는 점이다.

본 연구의 한계는 다음과 같다. 이 내용들은 향후 과제로 수행할 것이다. 첫 번째, 자료의 한계로 일부 검증이 풍부하게 이루어지지 못했다는 점이다. 두 번째, 내부노동시장의 분류에 대한 명확한 측정기준과 방법을 제시하지 못했다는 점이다. 세 번째, 일반화의 문제를 해결하기에 부족하다는 점이다.

핵심주제어: 내부노동시장, 기업별 노동조합, 전략적 선택, 조선맥주|This paper has studied the impact on the formation of enterprise unions by internal labor market. It has shown that enterprise unions of Korea were formed by the interaction of internal labor market and the strategic choice through the case of Chosun Brewery Company after the period of liberation.

To begin with, this paper has explained historical and causal factors in the formation of enterprise union, and it has analyzed how labor-management made a strategic choice by using the strategic model of KKM(1986). To achieve research objectives, this paper has proposed the necessity to comprehensively expand the concept of internal labor market, and it has pointed out that there were historical differences between the development path of West European Countries and that of Late Industrializing Countries in terms of the interrelationship between the labor market and the trade unions.

As a result of the case analysis, the research model had theoretical and practical validity. The findings can be summarized as follows: First, even though the internal labor market of Chosun Brewery Company was not so elaborate as it is today, it was considerably taking shape as an internal labor market. It has confirmed that these characteristics of internal labor markets could have an impact on the formation of trade unions in the direction of keeping them. Second, it has also confirmed that the labor-management of Chosun Brewery Company selected an enterprise union which could reflect their interests as an optimal alternative based on external environment and internal conditions surrounding it. Labor-management has tried to find ways to reflect their interests stably and amicably in a chaotic situation. Such efforts have led to the formation of enterprise unions inducing cooperative labor relations. Third, it could reach the conclusion that after enterprise unions were formed, they could play an enhancing role in combining union effects and internal labor market factors, forming interactive relationships between internal labor market and enterprise unions.

The theoretical implications of this paper is as follows: First, this paper has looked into the process of formation of enterprise unions from a labor-market point of view. Second, this paper has presented a systematic analysis framework about the causal relationship between internal labor market and enterprise union, and the importance of strategic choice in labor-management decision. Third, this paper could possibly generalize the internal labor market factor as a core factor of the formation of enterprise union.

The practical implications of this paper is as follows: First, this paper has presented new and various survival strategies and it has considered the analytic possibility of structural changes in the labor market. Second, this paper has provided us with the ability to analyze and respond to the changes for the recently expanding collective bargaining decentralization in West European Countries in connection with the changes of the labor market. Third, this paper could present the feasibility of a switch of industrial union which is recently attention-grabbing based on the changes in the structure of the labor market.

The limitations of this study are as follows, and These will be performed in future work. First, this paper could not verify fully due to the limits of company data and the interviewees. Second, this paper could not present clear measurement standards and methods for the classification of the internal labor market. Third, this paper is not sufficient enough to solve the problem of generalization.

Key words: internal labor market, enterprise union, strategic choice, Chosun Brewery Company; This paper has studied the impact on the formation of enterprise unions by internal labor market. It has shown that enterprise unions of Korea were formed by the interaction of internal labor market and the strategic choice through the case of Chosun Brewery Company after the period of liberation.

To begin with, this paper has explained historical and causal factors in the formation of enterprise union, and it has analyzed how labor-management made a strategic choice by using the strategic model of KKM(1986). To achieve research objectives, this paper has proposed the necessity to comprehensively expand the concept of internal labor market, and it has pointed out that there were historical differences between the development path of West European Countries and that of Late Industrializing Countries in terms of the interrelationship between the labor market and the trade unions.

As a result of the case analysis, the research model had theoretical and practical validity. The findings can be summarized as follows: First, even though the internal labor market of Chosun Brewery Company was not so elaborate as it is today, it was considerably taking shape as an internal labor market. It has confirmed that these characteristics of internal labor markets could have an impact on the formation of trade unions in the direction of keeping them. Second, it has also confirmed that the labor-management of Chosun Brewery Company selected an enterprise union which could reflect their interests as an optimal alternative based on external environment and internal conditions surrounding it. Labor-management has tried to find ways to reflect their interests stably and amicably in a chaotic situation. Such efforts have led to the formation of enterprise unions inducing cooperative labor relations. Third, it could reach the conclusion that after enterprise unions were formed, they could play an enhancing role in combining union effects and internal labor market factors, forming interactive relationships between internal labor market and enterprise unions.

The theoretical implications of this paper is as follows: First, this paper has looked into the process of formation of enterprise unions from a labor-market point of view. Second, this paper has presented a systematic analysis framework about the causal relationship between internal labor market and enterprise union, and the importance of strategic choice in labor-management decision. Third, this paper could possibly generalize the internal labor market factor as a core factor of the formation of enterprise union.

The practical implications of this paper is as follows: First, this paper has presented new and various survival strategies and it has considered the analytic possibility of structural changes in the labor market. Second, this paper has provided us with the ability to analyze and respond to the changes for the recently expanding collective bargaining decentralization in West European Countries in connection with the changes of the labor market. Third, this paper could present the feasibility of a switch of industrial union which is recently attention-grabbing based on the changes in the structure of the labor market.

The limitations of this study are as follows, and These will be performed in future work. First, this paper could not verify fully due to the limits of company data and the interviewees. Second, this paper could not present clear measurement standards and methods for the classification of the internal labor market. Third, this paper is not sufficient enough to solve the problem of generalization.

Key words: internal labor market, enterprise union, strategic choice, Chosun Brewery Company