철손분포가 고려된 3차원 열등가회로망을 이용한 영구자석 동기전동기의 열 특성 해석

Abstract

일반적으로 영구자석 동기전동기(Permanet Magnet Synchronous Motor, PMSM)의 구동 중에 권선, 코어, 영구자석에서 발생되는 과도한 열은 PMSM의 장시간 연속운전을 어렵게 만들기 때문에 PMSM의 구동 중 열발생을 최소화 시킬수 있는 설계가 필요하며, 추가적으로 발생된 열을 효율적으로 냉각시킬 수 있는 냉각 채널 및 고성능 냉각 장치의 연구도 필요하다. 최근 견인전동기의 경량화 요구가 커짐에 따라 견인용 PMSM의 고출력밀도화를 위해서 기존의 공기를 이용한 냉각방식이 아닌 냉매를 이용한 강제적인 냉각방식의 적용이 요구되고 있으며, 이의 적용을 위해서는 PMSM의 설계 단계에서 열해석이 필수적으로 병행되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 집중권선을 가진 매입형 영구자석 동기전동기 (Interior Permanet Magnet Synchronous Motor, IPMSM)에 대한 열해석 기법을 다루었다. 열해석 방법은 전체 IPMSM 시스템에 대하여는 열등가회로망법 (Thermal Equivalent Network Method, TENM)을 사용하였으며, IPMSM 의 각 부분을 3차원 제어체적으로 분할하여 열등가회로망을 구성하였다. 또한 IPMSM의 열해석 시 열손실에 해당하는 열원(Heat Source) 도출을 위해 유한요소법(FEM)을 이용하여 IPMSM의 손실을 계산하였으며, 고정자와 회전자 코어에서의 손실밀도(Loss density) 개념을 적용하여 현실성 있는 열원 도출법을 제안하였다. 또한 IPMSM 시제 모델의 온도 실험 결과를 통한 열해석 기법의 유효성을 검증하였다. 본 논문에서 정립된 열해석 기법의 적용을 위하여 철도차량용 110kW급 집중권 IPMSM의 설계를 수행하고, 이에 대한 기본적인 자기적 및 열적 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 철도차량용 110kW급 집중권 IPMSM의 시제품을 제작하고, 이의 다양한 성능 시험을 통하여 시험데이터와 열해석 결과의 비교 검증을 수행하였다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서 정립된 열해석 기법을 이용하여 철도차량용 110kW급 집중권 IPMSM의 수냉각장치 적용에 따른 IPMSM의 열 특성 분석 사례 연구를 수행하였다.|Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) should be designed to minimize the heat generation during its driving because excessive heat generated from the winding, core and permanent magnet makes it harder for PMSM to be continuously operated for a long period of time. In addition, researches on cooling channels and high performance cooling devices, which can efficiently cool down the generated heat is also required. As the demand for lighter-weight traction motors has recently increased, there is a need for the application of a forced cooling method using a coolant instead of a conventional air-cooling method for PMSM of high power density. In order to apply the forced cooling devices using a coolant to the PMSM, the thermal analysis should be preceded in the design step of the PMSM. Therefore, the thermal analysis for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) with concentrated winding was performed in this paper. Thermal equivalent network Method (TENM) is used for the thermal analysis of the IPMSM. The thermal equivalent network is constructed the same way as each part of the IPMSM is divided by a 3-dimensional control volume. In order to derive heat source that is equivalent to heat loss for the thermal analysis of IPMSM, EFM is used to calculate the loss of IPMSM and the concept of loss density in a startor and rotor core is used. In addition, validity of the suggested thermal analysis method is verified through the temperature experimental results of a small IPMSM model. A design of 110kW-class IPMSM with concentrated winding for railway vehicles is performed for verification of the thermal analysis established in this paper and the basic magnetic and thermal properties are analyzed. A 110kW-class IPMSM prototype is made and a comparative verification between the test data and the thermal analysis results through its various performance tests are carried out. Finally, the case study on the thermal characteristics of the 110kW-class IPMSM by application of a water jacket as a cooling device is performed using the thermal analysis method established in this paper.; Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) should be designed to minimize the heat generation during its driving because excessive heat generated from the winding, core and permanent magnet makes it harder for PMSM to be continuously operated for a long period of time. In addition, researches on cooling channels and high performance cooling devices, which can efficiently cool down the generated heat is also required. As the demand for lighter-weight traction motors has recently increased, there is a need for the application of a forced cooling method using a coolant instead of a conventional air-cooling method for PMSM of high power density. In order to apply the forced cooling devices using a coolant to the PMSM, the thermal analysis should be preceded in the design step of the PMSM. Therefore, the thermal analysis for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) with concentrated winding was performed in this paper. Thermal equivalent network Method (TENM) is used for the thermal analysis of the IPMSM. The thermal equivalent network is constructed the same way as each part of the IPMSM is divided by a 3-dimensional control volume. In order to derive heat source that is equivalent to heat loss for the thermal analysis of IPMSM, EFM is used to calculate the loss of IPMSM and the concept of loss density in a startor and rotor core is used. In addition, validity of the suggested thermal analysis method is verified through the temperature experimental results of a small IPMSM model. A design of 110kW-class IPMSM with concentrated winding for railway vehicles is performed for verification of the thermal analysis established in this paper and the basic magnetic and thermal properties are analyzed. A 110kW-class IPMSM prototype is made and a comparative verification between the test data and the thermal analysis results through its various performance tests are carried out. Finally, the case study on the thermal characteristics of the 110kW-class IPMSM by application of a water jacket as a cooling device is performed using the thermal analysis method established in this paper.