기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)이 조직구성원의 조직몰입에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구에서는 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)이 조직구성원의 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 특히, 사회적 기대 수준에 대비하여 조직구성원이 지각하는 CSR이 조직몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았으며, 이러한 관계에 영향을 줄 수 있는 조절변수로 기업 국적, 성별, CSR 적합성(fit) 등을 설정하고 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에서는 CSR을 사회적 기대 수준 대비 조직구성원이 지각하는 기업의 사회적 책임 활동 수준으로 설정하였으며, 이러한 CSR은 조직구성원의 조직몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회 정체성 이론(SIT)을 바탕으로 이러한 과정을 이론적으로 분석하였다. 둘째, 기업의 사회적 책임에 대한 기대는 국내 기업보다 다국적 기업에서 높은 경향이 있다. 기대 불일치 이론에 따라 기대가 높을수록 상대적으로 CSR을 낮게 지각할 가능성이 있음에 착안하여 연구를 진행한 결과, 국내 기업에 비해 다국적 기업에서 CSR과 조직몰입의 관계가 약하게 나타났다. 즉 조직구성원들은 다국적 기업의 경우 CSR에 대한 사회적 기대가 높다고 인식하여 상대적으로 현재 CSR활동 수준을 낮게 판단한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 조직구성원의 성별은 CSR과 조직몰입의 관계에 영향을 주며, 여성의 경우 남성보다 CSR의 중요성을 높게 인식하는 경향이 있어 CSR과 조직몰입의 관계가 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 넷째, CSR 적합성(fit)을 기업과 CSR 간의 적합성, 조직구성원과 CSR 간의 적합성으로 나누어 연구하였다. 그 중 기업과 CSR 간의 적합성이 CSR과 조직몰입의 관계를 더욱 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 기존의 CSR 연구에서 상대적으로 많은 관심을 받지 못한 기업 내부 이해관계자인 조직구성원을 대상으로 한 연구라는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 본 연구에서는 기존의 CSR 관련 연구에서 개별적인 대상이었던 다국적 기업과 국내 기업을 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과 다국적 기업과 국내 기업은 CSR에 대한 사회적 기대 수준의 차이가 존재하며, 이는 CSR을 지각하는데 영향을 미쳐 조직몰입과의 관계를 조절한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 기존 연구에 비해 본 연구는 CSR 변수의 개념을 정교화 하였다는데 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 CSR은 그에 대한 사회적 기대를 평가한 후, 이에 대비하여 지각된 기업의 CSR 수준을 측정하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 CSR은 사회적 기대치를 반영한 개념이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 본 연구는 다국적 기업이 효과적인 CSR활동을 하는 방안을 모색함에 있어서 시사점을 제공하며, CSR의 내부적 효과 향상을 위한 방향성을 제시한다.| This study empirically analyzed the effect that the corporate social responsibility(CSR) would have on the organization commitment of the members of organization. Specifically, this study examined how the CSR, which is perceived by the members of organization for the social expectancy level, would influence the organization commitment, and defined the corporation nationality, gender, CSR fit, etc., as moderating variable that might affect such relationship. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, this study set the corporate social responsibility(CSR) to the CSR activity level perceived by the members of organization for the social expectancy level. This CSR was found to have a positive effect on the organization commitment among the members of organization. In addition, such process was analyzed theoretically on the basis of Social Identity Theory(SIT). Second, the expectations of CSR were higher for multinational corporations than domestic corporations. The research was conducted based on the understanding that the CSR perception would be likely to remain relatively low when the expectations was higher according to the Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory(EDT). The relationship between CSR and organization commitment was found to be weak among multinational corporations compared to domestic corporations. In other words, members of organization perceived high social expectation towards CSR for multinational corporations and resultantly considered that current CSR activity level was relatively low. Third, the gender of the members of organization affected the relationship between CSR and organization commitment. As women tended to have higher perception towards the importance of CSR compared to men, it transpired that the relationship between CSR and organization commitment was even stronger. Fourth, this study examined the fit of CSR based on the fitness between corporation and CSR and the fitness between the members of organization and CSR. It turned out that the fitness between corporation and CSR further reinforced the relationship between CSR and organization commitment. This study is meaningful in that it targeted the members of organization, the stakeholders within corporation who have not been paid much attention in relative sense in the existing research on CSR. Moreover, this study conducted a comparative analysis of multinational corporations and domestic corporations which remained the individual object in the existing research related to CSR. The results of analysis suggested that there was difference in the level of social expectation towards CSR for multinational corporations and domestic corporations, which would in turn affect the perception of CSR, resulting in the adjustment of relationship with organization commitment. In addition, this study applied more elaborate concept of CSR variable, compared to the existing studies. In this study, the social expectation for the CSR was evaluated which was followed by the assessment of the perceived CSR level of corporation against such evaluation. Thus, it can be said that the CSR in this study is a concept reflecting the social expectation. Based on that, this study may provide reference basis for multinational corporations to explore successful CSR activities, and present a direction for the improvement in the internal effect of CSR.; This study empirically analyzed the effect that the corporate social responsibility(CSR) would have on the organization commitment of the members of organization. Specifically, this study examined how the CSR, which is perceived by the members of organization for the social expectancy level, would influence the organization commitment, and defined the corporation nationality, gender, CSR fit, etc., as moderating variable that might affect such relationship. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, this study set the corporate social responsibility(CSR) to the CSR activity level perceived by the members of organization for the social expectancy level. This CSR was found to have a positive effect on the organization commitment among the members of organization. In addition, such process was analyzed theoretically on the basis of Social Identity Theory(SIT). Second, the expectations of CSR were higher for multinational corporations than domestic corporations. The research was conducted based on the understanding that the CSR perception would be likely to remain relatively low when the expectations was higher according to the Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory(EDT). The relationship between CSR and organization commitment was found to be weak among multinational corporations compared to domestic corporations. In other words, members of organization perceived high social expectation towards CSR for multinational corporations and resultantly considered that current CSR activity level was relatively low. Third, the gender of the members of organization affected the relationship between CSR and organization commitment. As women tended to have higher perception towards the importance of CSR compared to men, it transpired that the relationship between CSR and organization commitment was even stronger. Fourth, this study examined the fit of CSR based on the fitness between corporation and CSR and the fitness between the members of organization and CSR. It turned out that the fitness between corporation and CSR further reinforced the relationship between CSR and organization commitment. This study is meaningful in that it targeted the members of organization, the stakeholders within corporation who have not been paid much attention in relative sense in the existing research on CSR. Moreover, this study conducted a comparative analysis of multinational corporations and domestic corporations which remained the individual object in the existing research related to CSR. The results of analysis suggested that there was difference in the level of social expectation towards CSR for multinational corporations and domestic corporations, which would in turn affect the perception of CSR, resulting in the adjustment of relationship with organization commitment. In addition, this study applied more elaborate concept of CSR variable, compared to the existing studies. In this study, the social expectation for the CSR was evaluated which was followed by the assessment of the perceived CSR level of corporation against such evaluation. Thus, it can be said that the CSR in this study is a concept reflecting the social expectation. Based on that, this study may provide reference basis for multinational corporations to explore successful CSR activities, and present a direction for the improvement in the internal effect of CSR.