십이지를 활용한 집단미술치료가 다문화가정 아동의 문화적응과 부적응행동에 미치는 영향

Abstract

요즘 우리는 국제결혼, 이주민 노동자의 증가 등으로 인해 다양한 구성원들로 이루어진 사회 속에 살고 있다. 언어, 문화적 배경이 다른 이주민들과 다문화가정의 자녀가 새로운 문화에 적응하는 과정에서 심리적 불안감이나 스트레스가 높은 것으로 알려져 있고 이에 따른 사회적 문제들에 대응할 수 있는 지속적이며 체계적인 프로그램이 요구되고 있다. 이에 따른 본 연구의 목적은 집단미술치료가 초등학교 다문화 가정 아동의 문화적응과 부적응행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해서 경기도에 소재하는 E초등학교에 재학 중인 3학년 학생 중 부적응 행동문제로 담임선생님께 의뢰받은 다문화 가정 아동 중 5명을 선정하여 아동ㆍ청소년행동평가척도 교사용(TRF) 검사, 문화적응 스트레스척도 검사(SAFE)와 학교생활화(KSD), 빗속의 사람 그림 검사(PITR), 동물가족화를 실시하였다. 연구의 절차는 선정된 대상아동 5명에게 2013년 11월 26일부터 2014년 2월 11일까지 3개월 동안 주 1~2회 사전, 사후 검사를 포함하여 총 20회기를 60분씩 연구자가 직접 3학년 5반 교실에서 미술치료 프로그램을 진행하였다. 각 아동별로 아동ㆍ청소년 행동평가척도 교사용(TRF), 문화적응스트레스 평가 척도(SAFE)의 점수변화를 양적 분석하였고 학교생활화(KSD), 빗속의 사람 그림검사(PITR), 동물 가족화 그림 분석에 의한 변화를 질적 분석하여 치료 전과 치료 후로 비교 분석하였다. 또한 매 회기마다 각 아동의 행동특성을 기술하여 질적 분석 하였다. 이상과 같은 연구를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미술치료 프로그램을 진행한 후 아동ㆍ청소년 행동평가척도 교사용(TRF) 내재화척도 점수가 평균 6.9점 감소되어 9.72%의 감소율을 보였다. 둘째, 미술치료 프로그램을 진행한 후 아동ㆍ청소년 행동평가척도 교사용(TRF) 외현화척도 점수가 평균 6.4점 감소되어 8.63%의 감소율을 보였다. 셋째, 미술치료 프로그램을 진행한 후 다문화 가정 아동의 이중문화 스트레스 점수가 평균 7.2점 감소하여 31.58% 의 감소율을 보였다. 본 연구를 종합해 볼 때 십이지를 활용한 집단미술치료는 다문화가정 아동들에게 비언어적 표현인 미술을 매체로 자신의 내면을 표현함으로써 내재화 문제인 불안/우울, 위축/우울을 완화시켰으며 이러한 치료과정 내에서 자연스럽게 집단 구성원들과 소통하며 부정적 감정을 안전하게 표출하고 감정의 정화를 경험하는 과정을 통해 외현화 문제인 공격행동, 규칙위반 완화에 도움을 주었다. 또한 십이지를 활용한 미술치료 프로그램은 우리의 전통문화에 대한 관심과 흥미를 불러일으키고 우리 의식 속에 깊이 자리 잡은 상징의 이미지화를 통하여 문화적응에 도움을 주어 다문화 가정 아동의 이중 문화 스트레스를 감소시켰다. 이러한 연구 결과에 의해 십이지를 활용한 집단미술치료는 초등학교 다문화 가정 아동의 문화적응 및 부적응행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다는 것에 그 의의가 있다.|We are living in a society with various people due to the increased number of immigrant workers and international marriage. Immigrants and children of multicultural families whose lingual and cultural background is different feel anxious and stressful in the process of adapting themselves to a new culture, continuous and systematic programs are needed for social issues due to this reason. The purpose of this research due to this problem is to study the effect of group art therapy using Twelve Earthy Branches toward cultural adaptation and maladjustment Behavior of children of multicultural families. In order to conduct the survey, selecting five children having problem getting along with their classmates among 3rd graders of multicultural family who are requested by the homeroom teacher due to maladjustment problem among 3rd graders in E. elementary school in Gyeonggi-do is needed and TRF test, SAFE, KSD, PITR and animal-familization were performed. The process, including post tests, was done to the selected five children directly by the researcher from November 26th in 2013 to February 11th in 2014, once or twice a week for 3 months, total 20 sessions, a hour per session, in 3rd grade section 5 classroom, which totals in 20 sessions. The researcher quantitatively analyzed change of sores of SAFE and TRF, qualitatively analyzed change due to animal-familization, PITR and KSD, and comparatively analyzed the data into pre-therapy and post-therapy for each students. Also the researcher delineated behavior characteristics of each students and qualitatively analyzed. The result from the research is as follows. First, after the art therapy program, the internalization criterion score of TRF decreased by 6.9 points on average, showing 9.72% reduction ratio. Second, after the art therapy program, the externalization criterion score of TRF decreased by 6.4 points on average, showing 8.63% reduction ratio. Third, after the art therapy program, the score of double-culture stress of multicultural family children decreased by 7.2 points on average, showing 31.58% reduction ratio. Integrating this research, group art therapy using Twelve Earthy Branches eased anxiety/depression and withering/depression which are internalization by making the subjects express their inner sides with non-lingual expression, art, as a medium. In the process, through a progress which made subjects naturally experience purification of feelings, express negative feelings safely, and communicate with members of groups, the research helped them ease external problems such as violating rules and aggressive actions. Also art therapy using Twelve Earthy Branches intrigued attentions and interests about Korean traditional culture, helped in cultural adaptation by visualization of symbols which settled deeply in our senses, and reduced the children bicultural stress. According to the researt of the research, art therapy using Twelve Earthy Branches is meaningful in which it positively influenced cultural adaptatioadaptation and maladjustment actions of children of multicultural families.; We are living in a society with various people due to the increased number of immigrant workers and international marriage. Immigrants and children of multicultural families whose lingual and cultural background is different feel anxious and stressful in the process of adapting themselves to a new culture, continuous and systematic programs are needed for social issues due to this reason. The purpose of this research due to this problem is to study the effect of group art therapy using Twelve Earthy Branches toward cultural adaptation and maladjustment Behavior of children of multicultural families. In order to conduct the survey, selecting five children having problem getting along with their classmates among 3rd graders of multicultural family who are requested by the homeroom teacher due to maladjustment problem among 3rd graders in E. elementary school in Gyeonggi-do is needed and TRF test, SAFE, KSD, PITR and animal-familization were performed. The process, including post tests, was done to the selected five children directly by the researcher from November 26th in 2013 to February 11th in 2014, once or twice a week for 3 months, total 20 sessions, a hour per session, in 3rd grade section 5 classroom, which totals in 20 sessions. The researcher quantitatively analyzed change of sores of SAFE and TRF, qualitatively analyzed change due to animal-familization, PITR and KSD, and comparatively analyzed the data into pre-therapy and post-therapy for each students. Also the researcher delineated behavior characteristics of each students and qualitatively analyzed. The result from the research is as follows. First, after the art therapy program, the internalization criterion score of TRF decreased by 6.9 points on average, showing 9.72% reduction ratio. Second, after the art therapy program, the externalization criterion score of TRF decreased by 6.4 points on average, showing 8.63% reduction ratio. Third, after the art therapy program, the score of double-culture stress of multicultural family children decreased by 7.2 points on average, showing 31.58% reduction ratio. Integrating this research, group art therapy using Twelve Earthy Branches eased anxiety/depression and withering/depression which are internalization by making the subjects express their inner sides with non-lingual expression, art, as a medium. In the process, through a progress which made subjects naturally experience purification of feelings, express negative feelings safely, and communicate with members of groups, the research helped them ease external problems such as violating rules and aggressive actions. Also art therapy using Twelve Earthy Branches intrigued attentions and interests about Korean traditional culture, helped in cultural adaptation by visualization of symbols which settled deeply in our senses, and reduced the children bicultural stress. According to the researt of the research, art therapy using Twelve Earthy Branches is meaningful in which it positively influenced cultural adaptatioadaptation and maladjustment actions of children of multicultural families.