도시 컨텍스트 기반 사운드스케이프 인식

Abstract

The concept of a soundscape was introduced as a new paradigm to rethink the approaches of managing the outdoor acoustic environment based on noise control. A soundscape provides a holistic understanding of the perceived acoustic environments within its contexts. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of contexts on soundscape perceptions. The goal of this work is to explore the influence of non-acoustical contexts on soundscape perception. This work consists of three main parts: evaluation methods, effect of audio-visual interactions, and influence of spatial contexts on soundscape in urban spaces. In the first part of this study, a soundwalk approach that concentrates on individual experiences and impressions was proposed to capture the soundscape and non-acoustical components. A case study for the individual soundwalk procedure was performed to validate the approach in a real urban space. The results of the case study showed that the soundwalk procedure has advantages for capturing diverse subjective responses and urban soundscapes. The second part deals with the effect of audio-visual interaction on soundscape perception in urban environments. The effects of sound and visual components on soundscape quality in an urban street were examined based on laboratory experiments. Water sounds and bird songs were selected as sound components to enhance the soundscape. The results showed that bird sounds were more favorable than water sounds. The sound of falling water was found to deteriorate the quality of the soundscape. The visual effects of vegetation significantly increased aesthetic preference, whereas those of water had a relatively small effect on aesthetic preference. In addition, the perceptual dimensions of the streetscape were affected by the noise levels. The intersensory perceptions of noise barrier performance were also investigated based on laboratory conditions. The effects of the spectral characteristics along with the visual impression of five different barrier types on perceived noise barrier performance were investigated. The results show that the increase of low frequency contents increases noise annoyance. As the noise level increases, the influence of the aesthetic value of the barrier increases and that of the expected noise reduction of barriers decreases. In addition, vegetation enhances the perceived noise reduction and the aesthetic value of noise barriers. The third part proposes a soundscape model describing holistic relationships among the sound sources, sound and visual perceptions, and the perceived congruence of the environment. A survey for soundscape assessment was conducted in various urban settings. Structural equation modeling was applied to construct the perception model of the soundscape based on the survey results. The proposed model was used to examine the influence of land-use in soundscape perceptions. The results indicate that the composition of sound sources influences soundscape perception and significant relationships among soundscape factors differed according to land-use. These findings indicate that the spatial contexts in an urban space should be taken into account for soundscape design.