BIM 기반 건축물 전과정 평가를 위한 친환경 템플릿 개발에 관한 연구

Abstract

1992년 리우 유엔환경개발회를 시작으로 모든 산업에서 지속가능한 발전의 중요성이 점차적으로 대두되고 있으며 범인류적인 관점에서 다양한 환경오염의 해결책을 마련해야 한다는 공감대가 형성되고 있다. 이에 국내 건설산업에서는 건축물의 환경영향을 저감하고자 건축물의 전과정 평가기술 개발과 함께 건축자재의 목록분석 데이터베이스 구축 등의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 최근 국내외 친환경 건설정책개발 등을 통해 이를 보완 및 발전시키고 있다. 이러한 친환경 건축에 능동적으로 대처하기 위한 수단으로 BIM을 이용한 건설산업의 효율성향상 제고에 관한 연구가 주목받고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 기본설계단계 건축물의 환경성능을 보다 정량적이고 객관적으로 평가하기 위해 BIM기반 건축물의 전과정 평가를 위해 BIM 템플릿 개발을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 템플릿개발과 환경성능평가에 대한 연구고찰을 통해 LOD 별 주요 건축자재를 분석하여 템플릿에 반영할 주요 건축자재별 6대 환경영향 데이터베이스를 구축하였고 라이브러리를 구축하였다. 설계단계 주요 건축자재 라이브러리를 활용하여 모델링 시 사용자는 타 환경영향을 고려하기 위한 프로그램의 연동할 필요 없이 BIM 프로그램인 Revit 내에서 평가결과를 확인하기 위해 Revit의 일람표기능을 활용하여 건축물 전과정 평가결과 일람표를 구축하였다. 이를 통해 사용자가 모델링을 통해 환경성능에 대한 의사결정이 가능하도록 하였다. 또한, 건축물의 전과정 평가에 대한 지식이 없는 사용자를 위해 자재에 따른 6대 환경영향 범주별 데이터베이스, 조달청 표준공사코드, 단위환산계수 등의 건축물 전과정 평가에 필요한 데이터베이스의 구축방법과 데이터베이스를 매칭한 라이브러리의 개발방법 및 과정을 가이드라인으로 작성하여 제안하였다. 마지막으로 개발된 친환경 템플릿의 건축물 전과정 평가 유효성 검증을 실시하기 위해 사례분석을 실시하였다. 친환경 템플릿 가이드라인에서 제안하는 사항들을 토대로 모델링을 진행하였으며 LOD 300 수준에 준하는 모델링을 실시하였다. 사례분석을 통해 본 연구에서 개발된 템플릿의 유효성 검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 총 7장으로 구성되어 있으며, 제 1장은 서론, 제 2장은 BIM을 이용한 건축물 전과정 평가 연구 동향, 제 3장은 주요 건축자재 라이브러리 개발, 제 4장은 전과정 평가결과 일람표 구축, 제 5장은 친환경 템플릿 활용 전과정 평가 가이드라인, 제 6장은 친환경 템플릿 활용 전과정 평가 사례분석 제안 그리고 제 7장은 결론이며 각 장은 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다.

제 1장에서는 연구의 배경 및 목적, 그리고 연구흐름을 기술하였다. 제 2장에서는 BIM을 이용한 건축물의 전과정 평가 연구에 대한 사례를 분석하여 친환경 템플릿의 개발 방향성을 설정하였다. 제 3장에서는 BIM 기반의 건축물 전과정 평가를 원활하게 하기 위한 주요 건축자재 라이브러리 개발에 관한 연구에 대하여 기술하였다. 제 4장에서는 BIM 기반의 건축물 환경성능 평가 시 프로그램과의 연동을 통해 평가하였던 기존의 평가 방식을 개선하고자 일람표 활용 방법론을 제시하여 상호운용성 개선에 대해 언급하였다. 제 5장에서는 건축물 전과정 평가에 관한 전문적 지식이 없는 사용자를 위해 친환경 템플릿을 활용 유효한 건축물의 환경성능을 평가 할 수 있도록 친환경 템플릿 가이드라인을 제안하였다. 제 6장에서는 기존의 물량산출서 활용 전과정 평가방법과 친환경 템플릿활용 전과정 평가 방법의 사례분석을 실시하여 친환경 템플릿의 유효성을 검증하였다. 제 7장에서는 본 연구로부터 도출된 결과를 기술하고, 향후 수행되어야 할 연구방향에 대하여 제시하였다.|Following the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, an increasing focus has been placed on the importance of sustainable development in all industries, and a consensus on providing solutions related to various environmental pollutants from a pan-humanitarian perspective is being established. Thus, in an effort to reduce the environmental impact of buildings within the South Korean construction industry, research on the formulation of an inventory analysis database for building materials and the development of life cycle assessment technologies for buildings are actively underway. Furthermore, the recent development of environmentally friendly building policies on both national and international scales is facilitating further progress in this regard. In particular, studies related to efficiency increases in the construction industry through the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) have received attention as a means of effectively developing green buildings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a BIM template for the life cycle assessment of BIM-based buildings, in order to quantitatively and objectively evaluate the environmental performance of buildings at the basic design stage. In order to achieve this goal, major materials according to the level of detail(LOD) were analyzed by examining previous research on template development and environmental performance evaluations. A database on six major categories of environmental impacts was then established in accordance with the major materials that were reflected in the template, through which a library-based categorization was constructed. In order to confirm the evaluation results within the BIM program Revit without linking a separate program for considering environmental impacts during the design phase, when the building is modeled using the major material libraries, a schedule for the life cycle assessment results of the building that utilized the result schedule was created. As a result, it became possible for the user to make decision making concerning the building’s environmental performance throughout the modeling process. Furthermore, guidelines were created for the establishment of databases required for the life cycle assessment of a building, such as the standard construction codes of the public procurement service, unit conversion factors, and databases in accordance with the six environmental impact categories associated with building materials. Additionally, guidelines on developmental methods and procedures for families that were matched to the databases were proposed all for users lacking knowledge of building life cycle assessments. Finally, a case analysis was performed in order to verify the building life cycle assessment of the developed environmentally friendly template (green template). The modeling was based on the items proposed by the green template guide it was equivalent to the LOD 300 level. An effectiveness test of the template developed by this study was conducted through a case study. Moreover, the applicability of the connecting method for the phase-by-phase green building certification system, and the integrated evaluation model established through the method presented above was also determined through case analysis. This study is comprised of seven sections: introduction, research trends associated with the life cycle assessment of BIM-based buildings, the development of main construction material families, the establishment of tables for life cycle assessment results, guidelines for life cycle assessments that utilize a green template, a case study proposal for life cycle assessments using a green template, and conclusion. Each section can be summarized as follows : Chapter 1 presents the background, purpose, and research flow of the study. Chapter 2 sets the developmental direction of the green template through the analysis of life cycle assessment research on buildings that used BIM. Chapter 3 presents research related to the development of primary construction material families for the efficient life cycle assessment of BIM-based buildings. Chapter 4 concerns interoperability improvements by proposing a methodology that uses tables, in order to improve existing assessment methods that perform environmental evaluations of BIM-based buildings through connections between programs. Chapter 5 proposes guidelines for a green template that enables an environmental performance evaluation of buildings, valid for application of green templates to users lacking professional knowledge of building life cycle assessments. Chapter 6 verifies the effectiveness of the green template by conducting a case analysis on a life cycle assessment method that utilizes the existing statement of quantity estimation, along with a life cycle assessment method that utilizes the green template. Chapter 7 presents the results derived from this study, and recommends directions for future research.; Following the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, an increasing focus has been placed on the importance of sustainable development in all industries, and a consensus on providing solutions related to various environmental pollutants from a pan-humanitarian perspective is being established. Thus, in an effort to reduce the environmental impact of buildings within the South Korean construction industry, research on the formulation of an inventory analysis database for building materials and the development of life cycle assessment technologies for buildings are actively underway. Furthermore, the recent development of environmentally friendly building policies on both national and international scales is facilitating further progress in this regard. In particular, studies related to efficiency increases in the construction industry through the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) have received attention as a means of effectively developing green buildings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a BIM template for the life cycle assessment of BIM-based buildings, in order to quantitatively and objectively evaluate the environmental performance of buildings at the basic design stage. In order to achieve this goal, major materials according to the level of detail(LOD) were analyzed by examining previous research on template development and environmental performance evaluations. A database on six major categories of environmental impacts was then established in accordance with the major materials that were reflected in the template, through which a library-based categorization was constructed. In order to confirm the evaluation results within the BIM program Revit without linking a separate program for considering environmental impacts during the design phase, when the building is modeled using the major material libraries, a schedule for the life cycle assessment results of the building that utilized the result schedule was created. As a result, it became possible for the user to make decision making concerning the building’s environmental performance throughout the modeling process. Furthermore, guidelines were created for the establishment of databases required for the life cycle assessment of a building, such as the standard construction codes of the public procurement service, unit conversion factors, and databases in accordance with the six environmental impact categories associated with building materials. Additionally, guidelines on developmental methods and procedures for families that were matched to the databases were proposed all for users lacking knowledge of building life cycle assessments. Finally, a case analysis was performed in order to verify the building life cycle assessment of the developed environmentally friendly template (green template). The modeling was based on the items proposed by the green template guide it was equivalent to the LOD 300 level. An effectiveness test of the template developed by this study was conducted through a case study. Moreover, the applicability of the connecting method for the phase-by-phase green building certification system, and the integrated evaluation model established through the method presented above was also determined through case analysis. This study is comprised of seven sections: introduction, research trends associated with the life cycle assessment of BIM-based buildings, the development of main construction material families, the establishment of tables for life cycle assessment results, guidelines for life cycle assessments that utilize a green template, a case study proposal for life cycle assessments using a green template, and conclusion. Each section can be summarized as follows : Chapter 1 presents the background, purpose, and research flow of the study. Chapter 2 sets the developmental direction of the green template through the analysis of life cycle assessment research on buildings that used BIM. Chapter 3 presents research related to the development of primary construction material families for the efficient life cycle assessment of BIM-based buildings. Chapter 4 concerns interoperability improvements by proposing a methodology that uses tables, in order to improve existing assessment methods that perform environmental evaluations of BIM-based buildings through connections between programs. Chapter 5 proposes guidelines for a green template that enables an environmental performance evaluation of buildings, valid for application of green templates to users lacking professional knowledge of building life cycle assessments. Chapter 6 verifies the effectiveness of the green template by conducting a case analysis on a life cycle assessment method that utilizes the existing statement of quantity estimation, along with a life cycle assessment method that utilizes the green template. Chapter 7 presents the results derived from this study, and recommends directions for future research.