건설 공사 현장의 재해 유형, 원인, 강도 연구

Abstract

건설업은 대표적인 노동집약적인 산업으로 우리나라의 경제 발전을 주도해온 산업 가운데 하나이다. 그러나 2000년 이후 전체 산업 평균 대비 40대 이상 인력의 비율은 1.5배 이상으로 급속한 고령화가 진행되고 있는 산업이기도 하다. 이러한 고령화는 건설품질의 정밀성과 완성도가 떨어지게 하는 원인이 되고 있으며, 청년층의 건설업에 대한 기피로 청년층의 인력유입은 더디고 외국인근로자로 대체되어 가고 있는 실정이다.

건설재해는 건설업의 특수성에 기인하는 것으로 인식되어, 어느 정도의 재해발생은 필연적으로 간주하는 경향이 있으며 안전관리에 대한 인식 부족은 재래형 재해의 반복적 발생으로 귀결되고 있다. 정부의 지속적인 대책수립과 건설업체의 노력에도 불구하고 재해율은 떨어지지 않고 오히려 증가하는 추세이며 이는 개인과 가족은 물론 국가경제에도 악영향을 미치고 있기 때문에 이러한 현상에 대한 면밀한 분석과 대책 마련이 시급하다.

건설현장의 고령화와 외국인 근로자에 대한 의존 현상, 그리고 이에 따른 안전 문제는 장기적으로 건설업의 경쟁력 약화와 직결된다. 산업재해 현황에 따르면 건설업은 사망률이 가장 높은 산업이며 재해 발생 시 중대재해로 이어지는 구조를 가지고 있다.

상기와 같은 현실 인식에서 출발하여 이 연구에서는 2010년부터 2014년까지 5개년 동안 385건의 H건설 재해 데이터에 대한 2차 분석을 실시하였다. 특히 최근 건설업의 인력 구조 변화에 초점을 맞추어 연령과 경력에 따른 재해의 원인, 유형, 재해 강도 등을 분석하였다. 따라서 이 연구에서 설정한 연구 문제는 다음과 같다. 1. 건설 현장 근로자의 연령에 따른 재해의 현황은 어떠한가? 1-1. 건설 현장 근로자의 연령에 따른 재해의 유형은 어떠한 차이를 보이는가? 1-2. 건설 현장 근로자의 연령에 따른 재해의 원인은 어떠한 차이를 보이는가? 1-3. 건설 현장 근로자의 연령에 따른 재해의 강도는 어떠한 차이를 보이는가? 2. 건설 현장 근로자의 경력에 따른 재해의 현황은 어떠한가? 2-1 건설 현장 근로자의 경력에 따른 재해의 유형은 어떠한 차이를 보이는가? 2-2 건설 현장 근로자의 경력에 따른 재해의 원인은 어떠한 차이를 보이는가? 2-3 건설 현장 근로자의 경력에 따른 재해의 강도는 어떠한 차이를 보이는가?

이상과 같은 연구 문제의 해결을 위해 근로자의 연령과 경력에 따른 재해유형, 재해원인, 재해강도를 교차분석하였으며 통계 분석 결과의 유의성은 빈도의 차이가 통계적으로 의미가 있는지를 보여주는 카이스퀘어 검증을 실시해 확인하였다. 분석 결과 연령에 따른 재해유형, 연령에 따른 재해강도, 경력에 따른 재해 강도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났으나, 연령에 따른 재해 원인, 경력에 따른 재해유형, 경력에 따른 재해 원인은 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 재해예방을 위한 대책을 제시하였다.|Construction industry is a typical labor-intensive industry that has been one of the frontrunners of Korea’s economic growth. Since the year 2000, however, compared all industries, construction industry had 1.5 times the average growth rate of workers aged 40 and up. The aging of workers has caused a decrease in precision and completeness. It also replaced workers with foreigners because of the slow of worker inflow of the younger population due to the lack of interest in construction. Because construction disasters are being recognized as a result of its distinct characteristic, a few amount of accidents are regarded as inevitable. The lack of interest in safety management has led to the constant occurrence of conventional accidents. Although the government has continuously placed policies and construction companies have made efforts to prevent these accidents, hazard rates are rather increasing. Detailed analysis and countermeasures on this phenomenon are needed to be studied urgently because not only does construction disaster negatively influence individuals, but also family and the national economy. The dependency towards aged and foreign workers at construction sites and the resulting safety issues lead to a weakened competitive edge. According to industrial accident reports, construction has the highest death rate among all industries, and has a structure that may lead to a major disaster when accidents occur. This research was conducted from 2010 to 2014 within the context of these issues. Through a 5 year period, 385 cases from H construction company’s accident database were secondly analyzed. In particular, focusing on the changes in manpower structure of construction companies, the causes, types and intensity of accidents in relation to age and experience were examined. Therefore, this research has set the following research questions. 1. How does the status of industrial accidents differ depending on the age of workers on site? 1-1. How are accident types different among the ages of workers on site? 1-2. How are the causes of accidents different among the ages of workers on site? 1-3. How are the intensities of accidents different among the ages of workers on site? 2. How does the status of industrial accidents differ depending on the experience of workers on site? 2-1 How are accident types different related to the experience of workers on site? 2-2 How are the causes of accidents different related to the experience of workers on site? 2-3 How are the intensities of accidents different related to the experience of workers on site? Based on the age and experience of workers, accident types, accident causes and accident intensities had cross-table analysis along with carrying out a chi-square test. The results appeared that accident types and intensities related to age and accident intensities related to experience did not show statistical significance, yet, accident causes related to age and experience, accident types depending on experience showed a statistical significance. Countermeasures to construction disaster were discussed based on these analyzed results.; Construction industry is a typical labor-intensive industry that has been one of the frontrunners of Korea’s economic growth. Since the year 2000, however, compared all industries, construction industry had 1.5 times the average growth rate of workers aged 40 and up. The aging of workers has caused a decrease in precision and completeness. It also replaced workers with foreigners because of the slow of worker inflow of the younger population due to the lack of interest in construction. Because construction disasters are being recognized as a result of its distinct characteristic, a few amount of accidents are regarded as inevitable. The lack of interest in safety management has led to the constant occurrence of conventional accidents. Although the government has continuously placed policies and construction companies have made efforts to prevent these accidents, hazard rates are rather increasing. Detailed analysis and countermeasures on this phenomenon are needed to be studied urgently because not only does construction disaster negatively influence individuals, but also family and the national economy. The dependency towards aged and foreign workers at construction sites and the resulting safety issues lead to a weakened competitive edge. According to industrial accident reports, construction has the highest death rate among all industries, and has a structure that may lead to a major disaster when accidents occur. This research was conducted from 2010 to 2014 within the context of these issues. Through a 5 year period, 385 cases from H construction company’s accident database were secondly analyzed. In particular, focusing on the changes in manpower structure of construction companies, the causes, types and intensity of accidents in relation to age and experience were examined. Therefore, this research has set the following research questions. 1. How does the status of industrial accidents differ depending on the age of workers on site? 1-1. How are accident types different among the ages of workers on site? 1-2. How are the causes of accidents different among the ages of workers on site? 1-3. How are the intensities of accidents different among the ages of workers on site? 2. How does the status of industrial accidents differ depending on the experience of workers on site? 2-1 How are accident types different related to the experience of workers on site? 2-2 How are the causes of accidents different related to the experience of workers on site? 2-3 How are the intensities of accidents different related to the experience of workers on site? Based on the age and experience of workers, accident types, accident causes and accident intensities had cross-table analysis along with carrying out a chi-square test. The results appeared that accident types and intensities related to age and accident intensities related to experience did not show statistical significance, yet, accident causes related to age and experience, accident types depending on experience showed a statistical significance. Countermeasures to construction disaster were discussed based on these analyzed results.