역세권 복합개발과 지역 활성화의 구조적 관계 분석에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 역세권 복합개발이 지역 활성화와 주민 삶의 질 향상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 그리고 향후 주민 입장에서 개발 효과를 높일 수 있는 역세권 복합개발 방향과 전략을 도출하였다. 또한 개발 차이를 감안해 일반철도 역세권(왕십리역, 청량리역)과 고속철도 역세권(서울역, 용산역, 광명역)으로 유형을 분류하였다. 연구 과정은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선행연구를 중심으로 역세권 복합개발 관련 평가지표 체계를 구축하였고, 전문가 표적집단면접(FGI)을 통해 최종 분석변수를 확정하였다. 그 결과 ‘주요 도입기능’ 관련 5개 변수, ‘활성화 지원 방안’ 관련 4개 변수, ‘핵심 복합시설’ 관련 5개 변수를 설정하였다. 둘째, 확정된 분석지표를 바탕으로 연구가설 및 설문을 설계한 뒤 주민을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 셋째, 구조방정식 모형(Structural Equation Modeling)을 설정해 일반철도와 고속철도 역세권을 나누어 분석한 뒤 5개 역세권을 개별 분석하였다. 역세권 복합개발이 지역 활성화와 주민 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공통적으로 교통·정보교류·상업업무·주거 기능이 지역 활성화와 주민 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일반철도 역세권에서는 핵심 복합시설(기업 및 산업단지, 정부부처 및 공공기관 등)이 지역 활성화에 영향을 미치지 못하지만, 고속철도 역세권에서는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 역세권 복합개발이 지역 활성화와 주민 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 역별로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청량리 역세권의 경우 지역 활성화에는 주요 도입기능, 활성화 지원 방안, 핵심 복합시설이 영향을 미치고, 주민 삶의 질에는 주요 도입기능이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 왕십리 역세권의 경우 교통·상업업무·어메니티 기능이 주민 삶의 질 측면에서 문화 및 여가활동 증진에 영향을 미치고, 지역 활성화 측면에서 상업공간 활성화와 지역경제 활동 활성화, 방문객 증가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 서울 역세권의 경우 교통·정보교류·상업업무·어메니티 기능이 주민 삶의 질 측면에서 문화 및 여가활동 증진, 쾌적한 지역환경 조성에 영향을 미치고, 지역 활성화 측면에서 상업공간 활성화와 지역경제 활동 활성화, 방문객 증가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 광명 역세권의 경우 지역 활성화에는 주요 도입기능, 활성화 지원 방안, 핵심 복합시설이 영향을 미치고, 주민 삶의 질에는 주요 도입기능과 핵심 복합시설이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 용산 역세권의 경우 교통·정보교류·상업업무·어메니티 기능이 지역 활성화 측면에서 상업공간 활성화와 지역경제 활동 활성화, 방문객 증가에 영향을 미치고, 주민 삶의 질 측면에서 문화 및 여가활동 증진, 쾌적한 지역환경 조성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.| This study examines how mixed development around railroad station area affects regional revitalization and residents’ quality of life. We attempt to draw strategies for railroad station area mixed-use development for betterment of residents’ well-being and quality of life. Based on different types of railroad station area development (SAD hereafter), I divided two different groups: general SAD (Wangsim-ri, and Cheongryang-ri), and high-speed rail SAD (Seoul, Yongsan, and Gwangmyeong). The research process is as follows: first, assessment indicators related to railroad station area mixed-development are synthesized based on the literature review. The final indicators were selected and identified through Focus Group Interview (FGI). As a result, I found main function group (5 variables), revitalization support group (4 variables), and core mixed facilities group (5 variables). Second, based on the assessment indicators, survey questionnaire was designed to conduct a survey to local residents. Third, I used Structural Equation Modeling to analyze both general SAD model and high-speed rail SAD model as well as five individual SAD models. The results of this study indicate important points. First, the results of Cheongryang-ri SAD model show that main function group, and core facilities group significantly affect regional revitalization. On the contrary, only main function group has significant effects on residents’ quality of life. Second, Wangsim-ri SAD model confirms that transportation, commerce and office, and amenity improve culture and leisure activities for the residents’ quality of life. The model also presents that transportation, commerce and office, and amenity revitalize commerce and regional economy, and increase the number of visitors. Third, the result of Seoul SAD demonstrates that transportation, information exchange, commerce and office, and amenities positively affect culture and leisure activities and sound local environments in terms of residents’ quality of life. For the regional revitalization, the variables have significant effects on revitalization of commerce, regional economy and the number of visitors. Fourth, Gwangmyeong SAD model shows that main function, revitalization support and core facilities groups have significant impacts on regional revitalization. In terms of residents’ quality of life as a dependent variable, main function and core facilities group are statistically significant. Fifth, Yongsan SAD model presents that transportation, information exchange, commerce and office, and amenities not only revitalize commercial area and regional economy but also increase the number of visitors in terms of regional revitalization. Regarding residents’ quality of life, the variables also significantly affect improvement of culture and leisure activities and sound regional environment.; This study examines how mixed development around railroad station area affects regional revitalization and residents’ quality of life. We attempt to draw strategies for railroad station area mixed-use development for betterment of residents’ well-being and quality of life. Based on different types of railroad station area development (SAD hereafter), I divided two different groups: general SAD (Wangsim-ri, and Cheongryang-ri), and high-speed rail SAD (Seoul, Yongsan, and Gwangmyeong). The research process is as follows: first, assessment indicators related to railroad station area mixed-development are synthesized based on the literature review. The final indicators were selected and identified through Focus Group Interview (FGI). As a result, I found main function group (5 variables), revitalization support group (4 variables), and core mixed facilities group (5 variables). Second, based on the assessment indicators, survey questionnaire was designed to conduct a survey to local residents. Third, I used Structural Equation Modeling to analyze both general SAD model and high-speed rail SAD model as well as five individual SAD models. The results of this study indicate important points. First, the results of Cheongryang-ri SAD model show that main function group, and core facilities group significantly affect regional revitalization. On the contrary, only main function group has significant effects on residents’ quality of life. Second, Wangsim-ri SAD model confirms that transportation, commerce and office, and amenity improve culture and leisure activities for the residents’ quality of life. The model also presents that transportation, commerce and office, and amenity revitalize commerce and regional economy, and increase the number of visitors. Third, the result of Seoul SAD demonstrates that transportation, information exchange, commerce and office, and amenities positively affect culture and leisure activities and sound local environments in terms of residents’ quality of life. For the regional revitalization, the variables have significant effects on revitalization of commerce, regional economy and the number of visitors. Fourth, Gwangmyeong SAD model shows that main function, revitalization support and core facilities groups have significant impacts on regional revitalization. In terms of residents’ quality of life as a dependent variable, main function and core facilities group are statistically significant. Fifth, Yongsan SAD model presents that transportation, information exchange, commerce and office, and amenities not only revitalize commercial area and regional economy but also increase the number of visitors in terms of regional revitalization. Regarding residents’ quality of life, the variables also significantly affect improvement of culture and leisure activities and sound regional environment.