생활 속 나노물질의 위험성과 미국의 법적 대응

Abstract

Food products protected from ultraviolet rays or germs, chocolate bars with extended shelf life, cosmetic products with UV protection or anti-aging properties, and hardened tennis racquets are all products with nanotechnology. The industry using nanotechnology has been developed and utilized for various applications in various fields such as electronics and communication industry, materials and manufacturing, medical and biotechnology, national defense and aerospace industries. It is expected to create a new industry by developing the conventional technology and the traditional industry. On the other hand, nanomaterials can be easily combined with pollutants and can be converted into new substances, which can lead to other pollutants. Nanotechnology is a technology that manufactures and processes chemicals in nanoscale. Nanomaterials have different physical and chemical properties than the original materials before processing. Therefore, the characteristics of nanotechnical hazards are in 'scientific uncertainties' that are potential and do not fully explain their functioning. Since nanoparticles are very small particles, they do not know exactly what effect they have when they enter the body and which side effects or diseases they lead to. In the United States, there is no law to directly regulate nanomaterials or nanotechnology, but it consists of laws that indirectly regulate them. The 'Chemical substance' regulation is implemented as part of the chemical regulation under the Toxic Substance Control Act(TSCA), and the 'Products containing nanomaterials' regulation is governed by a separate law (eg the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetics Act Cosmetic Act(FFDCA), Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodencide Act(FIFRA). In this paper, it is introduced differentially as "Rules for final report on nanomaterials manufacturing and processing, and TSCA Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements". This rule is based on TSCA. It is hereby obligated to report and record when certain chemicals are produced or processed on the nanoscale. FIFRA has obligations to register and register information on pesticides containing nanomaterials as well as silver nanoparticles. FFDCA Has a labeling obligation for nanomaterials products. This is for risk communication during the risk control process. Consumers demanding safety over safety from chemicals are asked to obtain sufficient information. However, the marking of nanomaterials shall not be recognized as a dangerous substance warning. Positive information on nanomaterials must also be provided to ensure national safety and national competitiveness.