북아프리카 이슬람원리주의 세력의 형성과정과 정치세력화

Abstract

Islamic Fundamentalism in North Africa intensified in the late 20th century as a reaction to the humiliating experience of European colonialism and as a result sought answers in Islam, especially Islamic law, by rejecting Western ways. Specifically, the Northern African region has recently become a new cradle of the most active and powerful Muslim fundamentalist movements because the “Arab Spring” triggered a revolutionary tide against Arab tyrannies and spoiled bureaucracies that had frozen democracy and development. Most North African countries could not respond to strong social demands from the public for a number of reasons, such as the failure to recover from an economic decline, unemployment, extreme poverty, and a large percentage of educated but dissatisfied youth within the population. As a consequence, the revolution turned into a winter in Egypt, with new authoritarian governments. In Libya, governments attacked each other and their peoples in order to stay in power, and chaos took over. This outcome led to massive carnage, the destruction of whole countries, the displacement of millions, and the emergence of radical elements. Therefore, the region has rapidly been transformed from the expected newly established states to turbulent social chaos, by which such extreme fundamental Muslim groups as Daesh (IS) and Al-Murabitun have a dynamic platform to extend their own political ambitions. Consequently, further studies on the future prospect of democratization and social security in this region are necessary.