Responsive 3D Microstructures from Virus Building Blocks

Abstract

Fabrication of 3D biological structures reveals dynamic response to external stimuli. A liquid‐crystalline bridge extrusion technique is used to generate 3D structures allowing the capture of Rayleigh‐like instabilities, facilitating customization of smooth, helical, or undulating periodic surface textures. By integrating intrinsic biochemical functionality and synthetic components into controlled structures, this strategy offers a new form of adaptable materials.