Kriging-Based 3-D Spectrum Awareness for Radio Dynamic Zones Using Aerial Spectrum Sensors
- Title
- Kriging-Based 3-D Spectrum Awareness for Radio Dynamic Zones Using Aerial Spectrum Sensors
- Author
- 맹승준
- Keywords
- Signal Processing and Analysis; Communication; Networking and Broadcast Technologies; Components; Circuits; Devices and Systems; Robotics and Control Systems; Three-dimensional displays; Sensors; Autonomous aerial vehicles; Correlation; Antenna measurements; Loss measurement; Interpolation; 3-D spectrum awareness; Aerial Experimentation and Research Platform for Advanced Wireless (AERPAW); antenna radiation pattern; I/Q samples; Kriging interpolation; long-term evolution (LTE); propagation modeling; radio dynamic zones (RDZ); reference signal received power (RSRP); Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP); unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
- Issue Date
- 2024-03-15
- Publisher
- IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
- Citation
- IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
- Abstract
- Radio dynamic zones (RDZs) are geographical areas within which dedicated spectrum resources are monitored and controlled to enable the development and testing of new spectrum technologies. Real-time spectrum awareness within an RDZ is critical for preventing interference with nearby incumbent users of the spectrum. In this article, we consider a 3-D RDZ scenario and propose to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with spectrum sensors to create and maintain a 3-D radio map of
received signal power from different sources within the RDZ. In particular, we introduce a 3-D Kriging interpolation technique that uses realistic 3-D correlation models of the signal power extracted from extensive measurements carried out at the NSF Aerial Experimentation and Research Platform for Advanced Wireless (AERPAW) platform. Using C-band signal measurements by a UAV at altitudes between 30 and 110 m, we first develop realistic propagation models on airto-ground path loss, shadowing, spatial correlation, and semi-variogram, while taking into account the knowledge of antenna radiation patterns and ground reflection. Subsequently, we generate a 3-D radio map of a signal source within the RDZ using the Kriging interpolation and evaluate its sensitivity to the number of measurements used and their spatial distribution. Our results show that the proposed 3-D Kriging interpolation technique provides significantly better radio maps when compared with an approach that assumes perfect knowledge of path loss. Specifically, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the signal power prediction achieved by our proposed 3-D Kriging method is notably lower compared to that of the perfect path loss-based prediction, especially when the height difference between measured and the target locations is less than 20 m.
- URI
- https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10416187https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/189517
- ISSN
- 1530-437X; 1558-1748; 2379-9153
- DOI
- 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3357430
- Appears in Collections:
- COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES[E](공학대학) > ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(전자공학부) > Articles
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