Characterization of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium-based biocomposites using agricultural wastes

Abstract

Plastics are widely used in packaging, but their non-biodegradable and environmentally harmful properties invite sustainable alternatives. This study explored using mycelium-based composites synthesized from agricultural by-products as substitutes. Composites were produced by combining rice bran, ground rice bran, and tangerine peel powder with Ganoderma lucidum mycelium. The morphological structure, chemical properties, water absorption, and mechanical characteristics were analyzed. SEM images showed mycelium filaments wrapping around substrates, Thermogravimetric analysis revealed three-stage thermal decomposition for mycelial composites. Water absorption decreased from 30.6-32.9 g/100 ㎠ in biomass-based composites to 9.8 - 15.7 g/100 ㎠ with mycelia but remained higher than polystyrene foam. Compressive strength showed a range of 5 – 14 ㎫, exceeding the minimum requirements for expanded polystyrene, Flexural strength reached 53 ㎫. While further enhancement in uniformity, water resistance, and durability is needed, findings confirm mycelium-based composites, including by-products, represent promising biodegradable and renewable alternatives to petrochemical based plastics in packaging. With additional optimization, mycelium-based composites, including by-products, could provide realistic biodegradable alternatives to petroleum-based packaging material where suitable.