Environmental and Occupation Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2014
- Title
- Environmental and Occupation Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2014
- Author
- 이수진
- Keywords
- environmental exposure; health behavior; occupational exposure; vitamin D
- Issue Date
- 2020-12
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Citation
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, v. 17, no. 24, article no. 9166, page. 1-11
- Abstract
- While exposure to sunlight is a well-documented primary source of vitamin D supply, factors leading to vitamin D deficiency vary according to population characteristics. Using nationwide data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we aimed to investigate a diverse range of potential factors in association with vitamin D deficiency. Overall, 21,208 participants aged ˃= 20 years were selected from KNHANES conducted between 2010 and 2014. The associations between various environmental and occupational factors and vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ˂ 20 ng/mL) were evaluated in logistic regression models after controlling for potential covariates and also after stratification for age and sex. Under given criteria, 15,138 (71.4%) participants were vitamin D deficient. Significant associations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and average environmental temperature and radiation, weekly walking frequency, type of occupation, and shift work. When participants were stratified by age and sex, we observed greater associations of vitamin D deficiency with walking frequency among young males (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.24 [1.05-1.47] for those walking ˂5 times per week compared to those walking ˃= 5 times per week) and shift work (OR [95% CI]: 1.40 [1.10-1.78] for those working at night compared to those working during the day). We also observed a significant association of vitamin D deficiency with educational attainment (OR [95% CI]: 1.43 [1.09-1.89] for those with ˂= middle school compared to those with ˃= high school) among older group of females. This study suggests that vitamin D deficiency is related to geographical conditions and subpopulation characteristics. The age and sex-specific associations may urge the effective promotion of vitamin D supply recommendations.
- URI
- https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9166https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/172954
- ISSN
- 1660-4601
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijerph17249166
- Appears in Collections:
- COLLEGE OF MEDICINE[S](의과대학) > MEDICINE(의학과) > Articles
- Files in This Item:
- Environmental and Occupation Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Adults The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surv...Download
- Export
- RIS (EndNote)
- XLS (Excel)
- XML