양자정보처리를 위한 플라즈모닉시스템의 양자적 기술

Abstract

This dissertation is expected to be a fundamental study of several plasmonic systems from the view point of quantum information processing. For the purpose, we exploit tools of quantum optics, which enable to quantum-mechanically describe the plasmonic systems. After a brief description of the concepts of surface plasmon polarities for several plasmonics systems and an introduction of well-known tools of quantum optics, we consider three kinds of typical prism setups, Otto’s, Kretschmann-Raether’s configuration and thin metal film, and the array of metallic nanoparticles. Using a full quantized treatment of the fields, we introduce the Hamiltonian for each given system, and the losses in the metal are taken into account. Firstly, for attenuated total-internal reflection setups, we provide the quantum-mechanical description of the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on both thick metal surfaces and thin metallic strips by single photons, photon-number states and photonics Schrodinger-cat states. Remarkably efficient photon-to-surface plasmon wavepacket transfer is shown to be achievable. It is also confirmed that the quantum statistics of surface plasmon polaritons is preserved during transfer with losses in the metal. Secondly, an ordered array of metallic nanoparticles is studied as an application of plasmonic nanostructure for use in quantum information processing. In particular, both quantum state transfer such as the single quit, coherent state, and squeezed state of light, and generation of entanglement between ends of the array are characterized over the time with losses in the metal.|이 논문은 양자정보처리적 관점에서 본 플라즈모닉 시스템에 대한 기초적이고 핵심적인 연구이다.목적에 맞게 우리는 양자광학방법론을 사용 하였고, 이는 플라즈모닉 시스템을 양자 역학적으로 잘 기술해준다. 표면 플라즈몬 폴라리톤의 개념과 잘 알려진 빛의 양자화에 대해 소개한 후, 전형적인 세가지 종류의 프리 즘 구조와 금속 나노입자 배열구조를 양자역학적으로 분석한다. 먼저, 세가지 프리즘 구조에서 빛의 단일 광자상태, 수 광자상태, 슈뢰딩거 고양이상태 등이 입사되었을 때 표면 플라즈몬 폴라리톤의 여기 과정을 양자적으로 기술한다. 그 결과 빛과 표면 플라즈몬 폴라리톤간의 광자 웨이브패킷의 효율적인 전달이 확인되었고, 표면 플라즈몬 폴라리톤의 양자통계가 금속내의 에너지 손실에도 불구하고 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 다음으로, 양자정보처리에서 활용하기 위한 플라즈모닉 시스템의 응용으로서 금속 나노 입자 배열이 연구되었다. 특별히, 금속의 에너지 손실을 고려하면서 나노 입자 배열을 통한 단일큐빗, 결맞음상태, 죄임상태와 같은 양자상태 전달효율과 나노입자배열 양 끝 사이의 얽힘생성에 대해서 최적화 된시간을 찾았다.; This dissertation is expected to be a fundamental study of several plasmonic systems from the view point of quantum information processing. For the purpose, we exploit tools of quantum optics, which enable to quantum-mechanically describe the plasmonic systems. After a brief description of the concepts of surface plasmon polarities for several plasmonics systems and an introduction of well-known tools of quantum optics, we consider three kinds of typical prism setups, Otto’s, Kretschmann-Raether’s configuration and thin metal film, and the array of metallic nanoparticles. Using a full quantized treatment of the fields, we introduce the Hamiltonian for each given system, and the losses in the metal are taken into account. Firstly, for attenuated total-internal reflection setups, we provide the quantum-mechanical description of the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on both thick metal surfaces and thin metallic strips by single photons, photon-number states and photonics Schrodinger-cat states. Remarkably efficient photon-to-surface plasmon wavepacket transfer is shown to be achievable. It is also confirmed that the quantum statistics of surface plasmon polaritons is preserved during transfer with losses in the metal. Secondly, an ordered array of metallic nanoparticles is studied as an application of plasmonic nanostructure for use in quantum information processing. In particular, both quantum state transfer such as the single quit, coherent state, and squeezed state of light, and generation of entanglement between ends of the array are characterized over the time with losses in the metal.