불안정애착아동의 모-자 상호작용 증진을 위한 미술치료 프로그램 개발 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 불안정애착아동과 모-자 상호작용을 주제로 한 국내 선행연구에서 점토의 활용을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 불안정애착 아동의 모-자 상호작용을 증진시키기 위한 점토 중심의 미술치료 프로그램을 제안하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 불안정애착아동과 모-자 상호작용에 관한 미술치료 프로그램 선행연구에서 점토의 활용은 어떻게 이루어지고 있는가? 둘째, 불안정애착아동의 모-자 상호작용 증진을 위한 점토 매체 중심 미술치료 프로그램은 어떠한 방향으로 개발하여야 하는가? 이에 본 연구에서는 점토회기를 포함한 2002년도부터 2012년도까지의 미술치료 연구 중 불안정애착아동과 모-자 상호작용을 주제로 한 석ㆍ박사학위 논문 50편을 선정하였다. 그리고 이를 대상으로 점토의 치료 목적, 활동 내용, 종류를 분류하고 점토의 전반적인 활용과 치료적 효과를 분석하였다. 본 연구에 나타난 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 점토가 사용된 회기는 총 218회기로 전체에서 25%를 차지하고 있었으며, 이는 점토의 효과성에 비해 많은 활용이 이루어지지 않았음을 나타내었다. 치료 목표 분석결과에서는 상호작용 향상을 목표로 점토를 사용한 회기가 가장 많이 나타났고, 초기단계에는 탐색 및 흥미유발, 중기단계에는 정서적인 안정감, 후기단계의 목표로는 상호작용 향상이 많이 사용되었다. 활동 주제 분석에서는 소조활동이 많은 분포를 나타내었고, 그 뒤로 자유롭게 표현 및 놀이와 점토 조형 활동이 차지하였다. 가장 많이 사용된 점토의 종류로는 찰흙, 지점토, 밀가루반죽 순으로 나타났다. 이를 통해, 불안정애착 아동과 모-자 상호작용을 주제로 한 선행연구에서는 모-자 상호작용향상을 목표로 점토를 활용하는 연구가 가장 많이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 쓰이는 점토와 활용 방법이 편중되어 있음이 보여 졌다. 다음으로 각각의 점토들의 활용을 통한 치료적 효과를 알아보았다. 점토들은 고유의 특성으로 활용되었는데, 특성들로는 친숙함, 뛰어난 점착성과 백색, 작업의 과정에 따른 변화와 농도를 관찰 가능, 선명한 색상과 부드럽고 가벼운 감촉, 그리고 입자에 따른 다양한 촉감 등이 있었다. 이는 감정표출, 긴장감 이완, 긍정적인 자아상 형성 등 여러 치료적 효과를 보였는데 그 중에서도 상호작용 증진의 치료적 요소가 많이 포함되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구자는 이런 분석결과들을 토대로 불안정애착아동의 모-자 상호작용 증진을 위한 미술치료 프로그램을 제안하였다. 본 프로그램은 불안정애착 아동이 애착발달단계를 재 경험하여 모-자 상호작용을 증진 시킬 수 있도록 Bowlby의 애착발달단계를 이론적 근거로 설계하였다. 전체적인 구성은 16회기로 초기 목표는 탐색하기, 중기 목표는 반응해주기와 정서적 안정감, 후기 목표로는 긍정적 관계 형성하기로 하여 최종적으로 상호작용을 증진시킬 수 있게 하였다. 이는 점토의 활용을 파악하고 점토중심의 모-자 미술치료를 개발하여 불안정애착아동의 모-자 상호작용 증진에 사용될 수 있는 보편적이고 체계적인 미술치료 프로그램을 제공하는데 의의가 있다. 앞으로도 불안정애착아동을 대상으로 한 점토 매체 중심 미술치료의 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져 본 연구가 활용되기를 기대한다. | The purposes of this study are to analyze the clay medium in domestic precedent studies whose subject is children with insecure attachment and interaction between mother and child and suggest the art therapy program focused on clay medium for improving interaction between mother and child with insecure attachment based on it. To achieve it, the following problems of study were set. The first, how does clay be applied in precedent studies on art therapy program for children with insecure attachment and interaction between mother and child. The second, how does art therapy program focused on clay medium be developed for improving interaction between mother and child with insecure attachment? Therefore, this study selected 50 masterㆍdoctoral theses on children with insecure attachment and interaction between mother and child among the art therapy studies from 2002 to 2012, including the clay session. And, for it, clay's treating goal, activity contents and kinds were divided and the general utilization of treating effects of clay were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. The session using clay was 25% of the whole 218 times and it showed that lots of utilization was not achieved in comparison with clay's effectiveness. In the result of analyzing treating goal, there were the most session using clay under the goal of improving interaction. And, exploration and interest inducement were used at the early stage, emotional stability was used at the middle stage, improvement of interaction was used so many times as the goal of the latter stage. In the analysis of activity subject, molding activity showed lots of distribution and then, free expression and clay formative activity were in order. For the kinds of clay which was used the mostly, clay, paper clay and dough were in order. Through it, there were the most studies applying clay under the goal of improving interaction between mother and child in precedent studies whose subject is children with insecure attachment and interaction between mother and child. Also, clay and medium which were used were biased. Next, treatment effects by applying each clay were examined. Clay was utilized as its own characteristics and for the characteristics, there were familiarity, excellent adhesion and white, observation of changes and concentration by working process, clear color and soft/light touch, various touches by particle, etc. It showed several treatment effects such as emotional expression, tension relief, positive ego-state forming, etc. and among them, lots of treatment factor of interaction improvement was included. This researcher suggested art therapy program of improving interaction between mother and child with insecure attachment based on the results of analysis. This program was planned under the theoretical foundation of Bowlby's attachment development stage so that children with insecure attachment can reexperience attachment development stage and improve interaction between mother and child. For the whole organization is 16 times. The early goal was exploration, the middle goal was response and emotional stability and the latter goal was positive relationship forming so as to improve interaction finally. It is significant for grasping utilization of clay, developing the art therapy program between mother and child focused on clay and provide universal and systematic art therapy program which can be used to improve interaction between mother and child with insecure attachment. In the future, this study should be applied to following studies on art therapy focused on clay medium for children with secure attachment continuously.; The purposes of this study are to analyze the clay medium in domestic precedent studies whose subject is children with insecure attachment and interaction between mother and child and suggest the art therapy program focused on clay medium for improving interaction between mother and child with insecure attachment based on it. To achieve it, the following problems of study were set. The first, how does clay be applied in precedent studies on art therapy program for children with insecure attachment and interaction between mother and child. The second, how does art therapy program focused on clay medium be developed for improving interaction between mother and child with insecure attachment? Therefore, this study selected 50 masterㆍdoctoral theses on children with insecure attachment and interaction between mother and child among the art therapy studies from 2002 to 2012, including the clay session. And, for it, clay's treating goal, activity contents and kinds were divided and the general utilization of treating effects of clay were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. The session using clay was 25% of the whole 218 times and it showed that lots of utilization was not achieved in comparison with clay's effectiveness. In the result of analyzing treating goal, there were the most session using clay under the goal of improving interaction. And, exploration and interest inducement were used at the early stage, emotional stability was used at the middle stage, improvement of interaction was used so many times as the goal of the latter stage. In the analysis of activity subject, molding activity showed lots of distribution and then, free expression and clay formative activity were in order. For the kinds of clay which was used the mostly, clay, paper clay and dough were in order. Through it, there were the most studies applying clay under the goal of improving interaction between mother and child in precedent studies whose subject is children with insecure attachment and interaction between mother and child. Also, clay and medium which were used were biased. Next, treatment effects by applying each clay were examined. Clay was utilized as its own characteristics and for the characteristics, there were familiarity, excellent adhesion and white, observation of changes and concentration by working process, clear color and soft/light touch, various touches by particle, etc. It showed several treatment effects such as emotional expression, tension relief, positive ego-state forming, etc. and among them, lots of treatment factor of interaction improvement was included. This researcher suggested art therapy program of improving interaction between mother and child with insecure attachment based on the results of analysis. This program was planned under the theoretical foundation of Bowlby's attachment development stage so that children with insecure attachment can reexperience attachment development stage and improve interaction between mother and child. For the whole organization is 16 times. The early goal was exploration, the middle goal was response and emotional stability and the latter goal was positive relationship forming so as to improve interaction finally. It is significant for grasping utilization of clay, developing the art therapy program between mother and child focused on clay and provide universal and systematic art therapy program which can be used to improve interaction between mother and child with insecure attachment. In the future, this study should be applied to following studies on art therapy focused on clay medium for children with secure attachment continuously.