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W. A. Mozart의『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』에 관한 연구

Title
W. A. Mozart의『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』에 관한 연구
Author
김경미
Advisor(s)
조선희
Issue Date
2013-08
Publisher
한양대학교
Degree
Master
Abstract
Fantasia originates from the Renaissance era (15-16th century) when instrumental music began to gain prominence. 16-17th century fantasia was free from any particular style and was immitative in structure. The 17th century introduced the whose influence continued into the 18th century and established a distinguished style of musical composition. The most noted contributor and inventor of the style is Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788). The style expanded in size and scope in the 19th century and later in the 20th century led to fantastic compositions that included folk materials based on twelve-tone technique. Fanstasia compositions vary according to time and composers, and are less bound by existing formality. This paper will discuss more specifically the musical elements used in fantasia compositions notably through fantasia for piano by the popular classic composer W. A. Mozart. Mozart wrote four fantasia pieces for piano:『Fantasia und Fugue in C Major K. 394』in Baroque style , the『Fantasia in c minor K. 396』in free form sonata, the『Fantasia in d minor K. 397』with two movements, and 『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』with five movements. All four fantasias have frequent modulations and keys, and use sudden contrasts of mood with the sensitive style. This shows that Mozart reflected C. P. E. Bach in his pieces which are inherently similar in using diverse musical elements. Moreover, musical trends that transcend those of the classical period were used with greater liberty and diversity in his fanatasias, leading to notably distinct compositions. In preparing this paper,『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』and the『Piano Sonata No. 14 in c minor, K. 457』that were published in the same period were compared. Here, the relevance between the two pieces was examined with particular focus on understanding the characters within a musical frame when performing them side by side. While their genres are different, they share commonality in the use of musical elements. The following is the findings of the research.『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』 has improvisational elements such as cadenza and bold prelude which are seldom found in sonatas. In addition, tremolo, dynamic contrast and tuplet for more flexible right-hand movement were used similarly in both pieces. These elements ushers『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』well into the sonata to bring out the tension amidst fantastic air. When『Piano Sonata No. 14 in c minor, K. 457』is performed in consideration of the tones in segments with the improvisational elements and common elements, they will present a harmonious piece that has depth and diverse colors. Lastly, the paper examines the musical aspects of what appreciates 『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』 as the masterpiece. Repetition, modification, reduction and expansion of identical rhythms amidst dynamic rhythm sequence establish unity in the piece. Its last movement reenacts the prior movement and thus builds musical stability. The fantasia reveals the duplexity of improvising diverse musical elements freely while providing overall unity. Therefore, the paper concludes that Mozart maintained his musical color even in his fantasia which is a genre that opened the Romantic period with concrete composition in harmony with the time. | Fantasia의 기원은 성악음악이 성행하던 르네상스 시대(15세기-16세기)로 악기를 위한 음악이 작곡되기 시작하면서 부터이다. Fantasia의 16세기-17세기에는 모방적인 짜임새와 자유로운 형식을 갖는 형태를 보여주었고, 17세기는 <감정과다 양식>의 표현이 두드러지기 시작했으며 이는 18세기에서도 이어지면서 하나의 양식개념으로서 자리 잡히게 된다. 이 양식을 창조하는데 중요한 기여를 한 작곡가로는 엠마누엘 바흐(Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, 1714-1788)라고 할 수 있다. 19세기는 이전 시대보다 크기와 범위가 확대됨을 보여주고 20세기는 12음렬을 기초로 하여 각 민속소재를 가미한 환상적인 분위기가 만들어진다. 이렇듯 Fantasia 작품은 시대와 작곡가에 따라 그 특색에 맞게 나타나고 기존의 형식에서 보다 자유롭게 구성되어 진다. 여기서 좀 더 세부적으로 Fantasia라는 장르가 작품 안에서 어떠한 음악적 요소를 중심으로 표현되는지를 고전주의 대표적 작곡가로 불리는 모차르트의 피아노 Fantasia 작품을 통해 살펴보았다. 모차르트의 피아노 Fantasia 작품은 바로크시대의 양식을 도입한『Fantasia und Fugue in C Major K. 394』와 자유로운 조성 속에서 소나타 형식의 형태를 갖추고 있는『Fantasia in c minor K. 396』, 2개의 부분으로 구성되는『Fantasia in d minor K. 397』, 5개로 부분으로 구성되는『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』로 총 4곡이 작곡되었다. 그의 4개의 Fantasia 작품은 모두 잦은 조바꿈으로 여러 조성들이 나타나고, 이와 더불어 갑작스러운 악상의 변화 등을 통한 <감정과다 양식>이라는 음악의 대조적인 표현방식이 사용된다. 이는 C. P. E. 바흐의 영향을 크게 반영한 것으로 다양한 음악적인 요소를 갖는 공통점이 내재되 있음을 찾을 수 있다. 또한 고전주의 시대에서 벗어난 음악적 움직임들이 그의 Fantasia 작품 안에선 좀 더 자유롭고 다양하게 펼쳐졌고, 정해져 있지는 않지만 모두 확연히 구분되는 형식 안에서 작곡되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 본 논문에서 연구할 작품을 살펴보기에 앞서『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』와 같이 출판된『Piano Sonata No. 14 in c minor, K. 457』을 살펴보았는데, 이는 두곡을 나란히 연주할 때 음악적인 큰 틀의 움직임 및 특성을 파악하며 연주할 수 있도록 하기 위해 두곡의 연관성이 무엇인지를 중점적으로 알아보았다. 이 두곡은 서로 장르가 다르지만 음악적인 소재의 사용에 있어 일치되는 부분들이 많이 있었다. 즉『Piano Sonata No. 14 in c minor, K. 457』에서 소나타에서는 찾아보기 힘든 카덴차적 요소, 과감한 전조의 사용 등 즉흥적인 요소의 부분들이 나타났다. 이와 더불어 트레몰로, 강약의 대조 및 오른손의 유연한 움직임을 보여주는 셋잇단음표의 음형 등의 공통적인 요소들이 사용됨을 볼 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 부분들은『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』가 뒤에 나올 소나타의 곡 연결이 자연스럽게 되도록 환상적인 분위기속에 긴장감으로 잘 이끌어 내준다. 이러한 움직임 가운데『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』의 즉흥적인 요소 및 공통적인 요소들을 가진 부분들을 생각하면서 그 분위기를 이어받아『Piano Sonata No. 14 in c minor, K. 457』을 연주해주면 서로 다른 장르일지라도 음악적인 색깔이 다채로워짐과 동시에 조화로움 속에 깊이 있는 음악을 나타낼 수 있으리라 본다. 마지막으로『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』작품이 걸작으로 평가되고 있는 음악적인 면모를 분석을 통해 확인해보았다. 즉 이 작품은 다양한 리듬 속에 동일한 리듬형의 반복과 변형, 축소, 확대 등으로 곡의 통일성을 주고 있으며 또한 마지막 부분에서 앞부분이 재현됨으로써 음악적인 안정감을 느낄 수 있게 한다. 이렇게 자유로움을 통해 보다 다양한 음악을 표현해내는 즉흥적인 측면을 가지고 있음과 동시에 전체적으로 통일감을 지님으로써 양면성을 드러내주었다. 따라서 모차르트는 Fantasia 작품에서도 그의 음악적 색깔을 잃지 않았으며 그 시대와 어우러져 곡의 탄탄한 구성력을 보여줌으로써 낭만주의 시대를 열게 해 준 장르 중 하나임을 확인할 수 있었다.; Fantasia originates from the Renaissance era (15-16th century) when instrumental music began to gain prominence. 16-17th century fantasia was free from any particular style and was immitative in structure. The 17th century introduced the whose influence continued into the 18th century and established a distinguished style of musical composition. The most noted contributor and inventor of the style is Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788). The style expanded in size and scope in the 19th century and later in the 20th century led to fantastic compositions that included folk materials based on twelve-tone technique. Fanstasia compositions vary according to time and composers, and are less bound by existing formality. This paper will discuss more specifically the musical elements used in fantasia compositions notably through fantasia for piano by the popular classic composer W. A. Mozart. Mozart wrote four fantasia pieces for piano:『Fantasia und Fugue in C Major K. 394』in Baroque style , the『Fantasia in c minor K. 396』in free form sonata, the『Fantasia in d minor K. 397』with two movements, and 『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』with five movements. All four fantasias have frequent modulations and keys, and use sudden contrasts of mood with the sensitive style. This shows that Mozart reflected C. P. E. Bach in his pieces which are inherently similar in using diverse musical elements. Moreover, musical trends that transcend those of the classical period were used with greater liberty and diversity in his fanatasias, leading to notably distinct compositions. In preparing this paper,『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』and the『Piano Sonata No. 14 in c minor, K. 457』that were published in the same period were compared. Here, the relevance between the two pieces was examined with particular focus on understanding the characters within a musical frame when performing them side by side. While their genres are different, they share commonality in the use of musical elements. The following is the findings of the research.『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』 has improvisational elements such as cadenza and bold prelude which are seldom found in sonatas. In addition, tremolo, dynamic contrast and tuplet for more flexible right-hand movement were used similarly in both pieces. These elements ushers『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』well into the sonata to bring out the tension amidst fantastic air. When『Piano Sonata No. 14 in c minor, K. 457』is performed in consideration of the tones in segments with the improvisational elements and common elements, they will present a harmonious piece that has depth and diverse colors. Lastly, the paper examines the musical aspects of what appreciates 『Fantasia in c minor K. 475』 as the masterpiece. Repetition, modification, reduction and expansion of identical rhythms amidst dynamic rhythm sequence establish unity in the piece. Its last movement reenacts the prior movement and thus builds musical stability. The fantasia reveals the duplexity of improvising diverse musical elements freely while providing overall unity. Therefore, the paper concludes that Mozart maintained his musical color even in his fantasia which is a genre that opened the Romantic period with concrete composition in harmony with the time.
URI
https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/133028http://hanyang.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000422307
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