Time dependent degradation of mixture of structurally different azo and non azo dyes by using Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360

Abstract

Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360, a yeast species showed 88% ADMI (American dye manufacturing institute) removal of mixture of structurally different dyes (Remazol red, Golden yellow HER. Rubine GFL, Scarlet RR, Methyl red, Brown 3 REL, Brilliant blue) (70 mg l(-1)) within 24 h at 30 degrees C and pH 7.0 under shaking condition (120 rpm). Glucose (0.5%) as a carbon source was found to be more effective than other sources used. The medium with metal salt (CaCl(2), ZnSO(4), FeCl(3), MgCl(2), CuSO(4)) (0.5 mM) showed less ADMI removal as compared to control, but did not inhibit complete decolorization. The presence of tyrosinase, NADH-DCIP reductase and induction in laccase activity during decolorization indicated their role in degradation. HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography) analysis revealed the removal of individual dyes at different time intervals from dye mixture, indicating preferential degradation of dyes. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) analysis of samples before and after decolorization confirmed the biotransformation of dye. The reduction of COD (Chemical oxygen demand) (69%), TOC (Total organic carbon) (43%), and phytotoxicity study indicated the conversion of complex dye molecules into simpler oxidizable products having less toxic nature.