국내 의료종사자의 직업성 감염병

Abstract

Healthcare personnel (HCP) face a wide range of occupational hazards, including needle-stick injuries, back injuries, latex allergy, violence, and stress. In particular, occupational exposures to infectious agents, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV),or tuberculosis, are devastating to the victims. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the global burden of disease from occupational exposure to be 40% of hepatitis B and C virus infections and 2.5% of the HIV infections among HCP. Infectious disease cases for which compensation is given by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency are increasing, and tuberculosis is the most common infectious disease compensated by KOSHA for HCP in Korea. While viral respiratory infections are common in health care settings, systematic surveillance has not been established yet in Korea.Infection control programs for HCP, such as engineering control in medical facilities, immunization, post exposure prophylaxis, and use of personal protective equipment need to be improved in Korea.This article describes the epidemiologic characteristics of occupational infectious diseases among HCP in Korea, especially focusing on needle-stick injuries and airborne infections. Also brief commentary is offered concerning effective measures for the control and prevention of occupational infectious disease transmission among HCP.