The current status of directed differentiation technology

Abstract

The direct reprogramming of a terminally differentiated cell into another lineage using defined combinations of factors has fundamentally changed traditional concepts of the inalterability of differentiated cells. Many studies have achieved direct conversion into various cell types in recent years, and this strategy is considered to be a promising approach for inducing functional cells. Here, we review work on direct reprogramming, from the early pioneering studies to the most recent, including the discovery of novel reprogramming factors, molecular mechanisms, and strategies. We also discuss the applications of direct reprogramming and the perspectives and challenges of this novel technology.