Nanomedicine in Clinical Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Brain Tumors
- Title
- Nanomedicine in Clinical Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Brain Tumors
- Author
- 이동윤
- Keywords
- Blood–brain barrier (BBB); Chemotherapy; Glioblastoma multiform (GBM); Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Photosensitizer (PS); Radiotherapy; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Surgical resection; Targeted therapy; Tumor microenvironment
- Issue Date
- 2022-01
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Citation
- BIOMEDICINES, v. 10, NO. 1, article no. 96, Page. 1-26
- Abstract
- The current treatment for malignant brain tumors includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the survival rate for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with a high grade of malignancy is less than one year. From a clinical point of view, effective treatment of GBM is limited by several challenges. First, the anatomical complexity of the brain influences the extent of resection because a fine balance must be struck between maximal removal of malignant tissue and minimal surgical risk. Second, the central nervous system has a distinct microenvironment that is protected by the blood–brain barrier, restricting systemically delivered drugs from accessing the brain. Additionally, GBM is characterized by high intra-tumor and inter-tumor heterogeneity at cellular and histological levels. This peculiarity of GBM-constituent tissues induces different responses to therapeutic agents, leading to failure of targeted therapies. Unlike surgical resection and radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) can treat micro-invasive areas while protecting sensitive brain regions. PDT involves photoactivation of photosensitizers (PSs) that are selectively incorporated into tumor cells. Photo-irradiation activates the PS by transfer of energy, resulting in production of reactive oxygen species to induce cell death. Clinical outcomes of PDT-treated GBM can be advanced in terms of nanomedicine. This review discusses clinical PDT applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of GBM.
- URI
- https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/1/96https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/178136
- ISSN
- 2227-9059
- DOI
- 10.3390/biomedicines10010096
- Appears in Collections:
- COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING[S](공과대학) > BIOENGINEERING(생명공학과) > Articles
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- Nanomedicine in Clinical Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Brain Tumors.pdfDownload
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