A Correlation between Serum Level of Alkaline Phosphatase and Acne Severity in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit and usually affects adolescents when the peak concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and androgen are demonstrated. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which increases physiologically in growing children and adolescents, in the pilosebaceous unit has been reported. However, the correlation between the serum level of ALP and the number of acne lesions has not been studied. Objective: The present cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the correlation between serum level of ALP and the numbers of non-inflammatory and inflammatory acne lesions in children and adolescents. Methods: For this study, 202 pediatric and adolescent patients clinically diagnosed with acne vulgaris were included. Age, sex, serum level of ALP, number of non-inflammatory acne lesions, number of inflammatory acne lesions, and number of total acne lesions were evaluated. Additionally, the serum level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was evaluated in 117 patients. Multiple regression analysis was performed. Multicollinearity was quantified using the variance inflation factor. Results: In the 202 patients, serum level of ALP was the only independent factor that significantly affected both the number of non-inflammatory acne lesions and of total acne lesions (regression coefficient = 0.089 and 0.086, respectively, p˂ 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between serum level of ALP and the extent of acne (non-inflammatory acne lesions and total acne lesions).