Validation of the Updated Korean Calcium Assessment Tool for assessment dietary calcium and vitamin D in Korean women

Abstract

Validation simple calcium and vitamin D questionnaire, the Korean Calcium Assessment Tool (KCAT), is available to assess the intake of calcium and vitamin D for Korean women. However, based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI and VII (2013-2018), main source of calcium and vitamin D have been changed and National Standard Food Composition database was updated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to update the KCAT and validate the Updated KCAT. Two hundred and eighty-five Korean women aged > 19 years were asked to complete questionnaires of the KCAT and the Updated KCAT. Women were excluded if they were pregnant or breast feeding. Calcium intake was not significantly (P = 0.34) different between the KCAT (566 ± 245 mg/d) and the Updated KCAT (569 ± 248 mg/d). Correlation coefficient of 0.99 indicated a positive correlation on calcium intake between the KCAT and the Updated KCAT, with almost perfect agreement by Cohen’s Kappa Coefficients (0.95). Intake of vitamin D assessed by the Updated KCAT was significantly higher than the intake assessed by the KCAT. This difference could be explained by the newly added food sources high in vitamin D, such as duck, cow liver, and subdivided fish, which were included in newly reported the National Standard Food Composition Tables DB 9.2. The present study suggests that the Updated KCAT can be a useful clinical tool for the rapid evaluation of calcium and vitamin D intake for Korean women.