육아휴직 이후 복직승무원의 양육스트레스 요인과 잔류의도, 정신건강에 관한 연구 : 배우자의지지 조절 효과

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of parenting stresses that reinstated cabin crew experience after returning from maternity leave and to verify if these factors have effects on their mental health and decision for changing job through the moderating effect of spousal support. Research should be conducted in order to prevent career disruption of married women caused by childbirth and child-care and actively support their social activities by examining the negative factors and effects that women experience after returning to work after maternity leave. In the end, this study is expected to provide baseline data for social activities and focus on carrier of female flight attendants who have children. In addition, research verification results will be provided regarding job characteristics necessary for the compatibility of child care and flight service of flight attendants. Through literature reviews of the preceding study and Focus Group Interview(FGI) which was conducted for 15 female flight attendants working in domestic airline companies, there presented five major causes of change: Fatigue, multi-role conflict, non-parental care anxiety, separation anxiety of child, and cost of children. Also a total of 14 hypotheses were derived through research models when applying supposition of parenting stress, mental health, intention to stay along with the control variable of spousal supports. This experimental survey was conducted on female flight attendants who experienced maternity leave and reinstatement among domestic airlines. In addition, 227 questionnaires were retrieved through a self-written survey and empirical analysis was conducted by 222 significant surveys. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was proved that, among the five variables, fatigue and non-parental care anxiety have a significant impact on parenting stress. Second, parenting stress have a significant effect on mental health and intention to stay in current job. This can be interpreted that the higher degree of parenting stress leads to lowering their mental health and intention to stay. Third, spousal support significant effects on parenting stress and mental health. This implies a significant impact on mental health as the stress of the crew who has returned from maternity leave is moderated through the support of the spouse. The following implications can be derived from this analysis. First, fatigue and non-parental care anxiety, both of which were identified as the major stress factors of reinstated crews reflect the professional characteristics of flight service. Frequent stays overseas, irregular work schedules, and intense physical activities caused by flight services are responsible for increasing fatigue and reducing their opportunities to care children and participate directly in families, which ultimately increasing parenting stress. Second, It was found that this parenting stress negatively affects the mental health of the reinstated crews and their intention to stay in the organizations. This leads to the loss of skilled human resources at the company level as well as the career disruption of women, suggesting that it can reduce organizational productivity. Therefore, institutional improvements are needed to raise the opportunity for female flight attendants who raise their children in order to let them directly participate in child care. In addition, it is difficult to replace the time gap that occurs during mothers’ flight work only through public child care services, meaning that it is crucial to expand high-quality public child care facilities and services for workers with non standard work schedules. Finally, spousal support has a valid effect on parenting stress and mental health. This shows the stress-relief power for their psychological burden and exhaustion of reinstated flight attendants. Therefore, it suggests that spouse understanding and consideration are indispensable to lead the mental health of returning flight attendants who need to be compatible with work and child care.|본 연구는 육아휴직 이후 복직승무원을 대상으로 이들이 경험하는 양육스트레스 요인을 규명하고 양육스트레스가 이직의도와 정신건강에 미치는 영향과 배우자의지지의 조절효과 확인하기 위한 실증연구이다. 본 연구의 양육스트레스의 5개 주요변인은 이론 고찰과 육아휴직과 복직을 경험한 항공사승무원 15명과의 FGI(Focus Group Interview)를 통해 피로, 다중역할갈등, 대리양육에 따른 불안감, 자녀의 분리불안, 자녀 비용으로 도출되었다. 그리고 양육스트레스, 잔류의도, 정신건강 이라는 후속변수와 배우자지지 조절 변수로 연구모형이 구성되었다. 그리하여 총14개의 가설 검증을 위해 2021년 2월1일부터 2021년4월1일까지 육아휴직과 복직을 경험한 항공사여승무원을 대상으로 총227부의 설문을 수집하였으며, 이 중 유의미한 222부의 설문지를 연구에 사용하였다. 수집된 데이터는 SPSS25.0과 AMOS25.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 기술통계분석, Cronbach’s α 계수를 통한 신뢰도 검증, 구조방정식 분석, 부트스트랩 검증 및 다집단 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 먼저 복직승무원의 피로와 대리양육 불안감은 양육스트레스에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 양육스트레스는 잔류의도와 정신건강에 부(-)의 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 피로와 대리양육불안감은 양육스트레스를 매개하여 잔류의도와 정신건강에 유의한 영향을 미친다. 마지막으로 배우자의 지지는 양육스트레스와 정신건강의 경로에서 조절 효과를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 승무원의 근무환경을 반영한 양육스트레스 요인을 규명하였다는데 학문적 가치를 지닌다. 그리고 비표준근무환경을 가진 객실승무원의 경력단절을 예방할 수 있는 기초자료 제공을 통해 다양한 제도적 개선을 기대할 수 있다는데 실무적 가치를 지닌다.