부모-자녀 가족상호작용 회복을 위한 통합예술치료 단일 사례 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine how the effectiveness of integrated art therapy can have a positive effect on the target family by developing and applying an integrated art therapy program to help parents and children experiencing difficulties in family interaction. And it proceeded to present a precedent for subsequent research and intervention in clinical practice. There are many factors that affect parent-child family interaction, but among them, the seriousness of the factor in which parents' experiences of origin are passed down to the current family has already been asserted through previous studies by numerous researchers. Therefore, in the development of this program, starting by exploring the parent's original family experience, which is the root cause of the dysfunctional interaction, we tried to find a way to sequentially restore the family interaction of the parents and children of the current family. In the safe structure provided by the integrated art therapy program, it was intended to help the recovery of parent-child family interaction occur naturally by providing opportunities for self-observation by expressing oneself in various ways and meeting the expressed self. For this study, a total of 15 single-case integrated art therapy programs were conducted rom January 17, 2021 to March 28, 2012, targeting 39-year-old parents and 7-year-old children living in S-gu, Seoul. In the initial stage of the program, only parents participated, and sessions were held for 120 minutes once a week. In the middle stage 1, parents participated and it was conducted for a total of 4 times, 90 minutes a week, for a total of 4 times. The middle stage 2 and the late stage were conducted twice a week as a parent-child session, 90 minutes each in the treatment room, and 60 minutes each at home. As a scale test for analyzing the study results, the Parent-Child Interaction Behavior Scale (IBS) and Dynamic Families (KFD) were performed. The results were extracted based on the interview papers and pedigree chart prepared before and after the session, verbal and non-verbal behavior changes shown during each session, and the changes derived from the analysis of video and recorded files. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, for the design of an integrated arts therapy program, the components of parent-child interaction behavior and the characteristics of the parent-child study object were analyzed, and then treatment factors were selected. An in-depth analysis of the family of origin experiences and interaction behavior characteristics of the study subjects was conducted. Experiences of parent-of-origin interactions during the pre-interview and throughout the program appeared in the present parent-child family interactions. In other words, the form of 'triangulation, the chasing person - the person keeping a distance' was continuously explored. And the 'needs for connection and safety' of the study subjects' parents, which they did not receive from their original parents, were unconsciously reflected in their relationships with individuals, couples, and children. In other words, it was found that the current family interaction is highly correlated with the parents' experiences of the family of origin. Through the process of exploring the experiences of the family of origin, the target parents arrived at a fundamental understanding of their problems and understood the relationship between the dysfunctional interactions of parents with family experiences and parent-child interactions. Integrated art therapy to target the family had formed a safe place for insight and understanding for each other and their respective members. In addition, an invisible safety base was formed through a trustworthy working alliance with the therapist. It is believed that within that framework, a therapeutic structure was presented in which subjects can freely and voluntarily express themselves and lead to emotional purification and resolution. Second, the integration of art therapy in the present study program was constructed on the basis of family therapy theory to structured programs to deal with the interaction of the family. This was done so that both parents in their 30s and their 7-year-old children could participate happily and to derive the expected effects of each session. Despite the circumstances of COVID-19, we have closely observed and analyzed patterns of interactions between parents and children to maximize their chances of becoming aware of the problems of their interactions. Therefore, 'a program in which parents act as therapists' was introduced and proceeded. Through art activities and works, I was able to clearly understand the interactive behavior process of the subjects in the entire program and video analysis, which is the framework for the effectiveness of this integrated art therapy program. Third, the parents of the study object had not had a communicative conversation for more than 10 years, and this was passed down naturally, and both parents and children strongly pushed each other out of interaction or a triangular pattern of strong contact with a third party appeared. The integrated art therapy program encouraged fathers to freely express themselves in artistic activities, to satisfy their needs, and to raise their heads to look at others, and to mothers to start expressing the feelings that they have been suppressing and living in the past. The child was tense and frozen by the atmosphere of conflict between his parents, but gradually allowed him to express his feelings clearly to his parents. Unfortunately, the researcher overlooked the seriousness of the level of experience of the original family of the target parents, and the target parents lacked awareness. That is why it was necessary to move on to parent-child interaction before the target parents' exploration of the original family experience and the restoration of parent-child interaction were sufficiently resolved. This did not help to overcome the resistance in the treatment process and ended up being a finish. It is recommended to follow-up researchers to set a sufficient research period when designing a family therapy program based on the experience of the family of origin, such as the subject of this study. Since the academic value of such research is very high, we would like to encourage the development and application of follow-up research and integrated art therapy programs related to this topic. Fourth, the results of this study showed that the score decreased post-test rather than pre-test. The parent's total score on the scale test dropped from 68.5 points pre-test to 63.5 points post-test, and the child's score was the same as 90 points. However, both the parents' pre- and post-score scores were in the upper ranks of 76%. The children's scores also belonged to the top of 90% of the preand post-score distributions. The detailed marking items predict that the parent's self-defense posture was reflected in the pre-test and that there was an honest self-cognitive participation in the post-test. It indicates that it has become a factor that can induce more positive changes regardless of the score change. In addition, it can be seen through the marked items that there is a clear change in the child's social relationship and self-regulation ability. KFD results in a noticeable positive change in the postdoes not appear. Since it is a deep topic, a more sufficient period of study should have been designed, and a long-term gradual change can be expected. Each session, parents and children took part very seriously and had a strong will for change. There was no dramatic change in scale score and picture, but a clear invisible change could be felt every session. because of the father acknowledged the ‘difference’ and tried to interact with himself, mother, and children from a different perspective than before and the mother no longer denies herself, but begins to find the courage to live as an honest individual, an honest wife, and an honest mother. The child were not only anxious and withdrawn from the vague negative interaction of their parents, but gradually made clear demands for improvement from their parents. Therefore, it can be said that this integrated art therapy program made a sufficiently valuable contribution to the restoration of parent-child family interaction. I hope that the integrated art therapy program applied in this study will be applied to parents-children who want to change the dysfunctional interaction method in the actual field, so that the current family can have a happy interaction without passing on the experiences of the parents of the original family. It is hoped that continuous and professional research will continue on the same subject as this study. The target family of this study made intensive improvement efforts such as couple counseling, individual counseling, and art therapy for children for 3 years, but did not experience positive results. It can be said that the pathological characteristics of the family are strong. Even in this study, the study was terminated without concluding a remarkable positive change, but it can be said that a dynamic positive change has begun under the visible results. The target families were serious and passionate about each session. As afollow-up study on the subject of this study, which requires a sufficient research process, is conducted, it is hoped that the integrated arts therapy program will provide hope to families who are experiencing difficulties in deep-rooted family interaction.|본 연구는 가족상호작용의 어려움을 겪는 부모와 자녀를 돕기 위한 통합예술치료 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 통합예술치료의 효과성이 대상 가족에게 어떠한 긍정적 영향을 줄 수 있는지 살펴보고, 후속 연구자들과 임상 현장에서의 개입을 위한 선례를 제시하기 위해 진행되었다. 부모-자녀 가족상호작용에 영향을 주는 요인들이 많지만 그 중에서 부모의 원가족 경험이 현가족에 대물림되는 요인의 심각성은 이미 수많은 연구자들의 선행연구를 통해 주장되고 있다. 이에 본 프로그램 개발에는 역기능적인 상호작용의 근본적인 원인인 부모의 원가족 경험을 탐색하는 것으로부터 시작하여 현가족의 부모와 자녀의 가족상호작용이 순차적으로 회복되는 방법을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 통합예술치료 프로그램이 제공하는 안전한 구조 속에서 다양한 방식으로 자기를 표현하고 표현된 자기를 만나 자기관찰의 기회가 제공됨을 통해 자연스럽게 부모-자녀 가족상호작용의 회복이 일어나도록 돕고자 하였다.