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Effect of dietary factors on frailty in older adults

Title
Effect of dietary factors on frailty in older adults
Author
김도연
Alternative Author(s)
김도연
Advisor(s)
박용순
Issue Date
2020-08
Publisher
한양대학교
Degree
Doctor
Abstract
Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome, which results in adverse health outcomes including fractures, hospitalization, disability, and death. Inflammation and poor nutritional status are major risk factors for development and progression of frailty. However, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been suggested as an anti-inflammatory agent, and adequate dietary protein is an effective strategy to decrease frailty by preventing sarcopenia. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA and pro-inflammatory diet based on nutritional status on frailty in older adults. In addition, the amount of protein from habitual protein intake required to improve muscle mass and gait speed for undernourished pre-frail and frail older adults was investigated. First study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that the higher erythrocyte levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA were negatively associated with risk of frailty in older adults. A total of 1,435 older adults were included and categorized as frail and non-frail. The risk of frailty was negatively associated with the erythrocyte levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Among each frailty criterion, the risk of slow walking speed was associated with erythrocyte levels of EPA and DHA, and the risk of exhaustion was negatively associated with the erythrocyte levels of DHA. Second study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that the dietary inflammatory index (DII), a tool for assessing the inflammatory potential of the diet, was positively associated with risk of frailty in older adults, particularly those with poor nutritional status. A total of 321 older adults were recruited and categorized as non-frail, pre-frail, and frail. DII scores were positively associated with the risk of frailty in older adults, particularly those with poor nutritional status. Among the frailty criteria, weight loss, slow walking speed, and low handgrip strength were positively associated with DII scores. Third study was conducted to assess the amount of protein from habitual protein intake required to improve muscle mass and gait speed for undernourished pre-frail or frail older adults. A total of 96 older adults consumed 0.8, 1.2, or 1.5 g/kg/day of protein and maintained their usual physical activity for 12 weeks. Increased protein intake of >0.54 g/kg/day was positively associated with change in muscle mass in older men. However, change in protein intake was not associated with change in muscle mass in older women. Additionally, change in protein intake was not associated with change in gait speed in older women and men. In conclusion, the frailty was significantly associated with lower erythrocyte levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA, suggesting that lower n-3 PUFA could be a marker for the risk of frailty. In addition, a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased risk of frailty, particularly in older adults with poor nutritional status. Furthermore, in pre-frail or frail malnourished older men, increased absolute protein amount of >0.54 g/kg/day from habitual protein intake was positively associated with change in muscle mass.
URI
https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/153056http://hanyang.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000438119
Appears in Collections:
GRADUATE SCHOOL[S](대학원) > FOOD & NUTRITION(식품영양학과) > Theses (Ph.D.)
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