농촌 노인의 복지수준 향상에 관한 연구

Abstract

The study has the purpose to find out the economic reality of the old people who reside in rural area which is relatively neglected when considering fast change of the society. It is based on the perception that it may give a chance for improving the whole nation's welfare policy. For the purpose, the researcher surveyed the changing environment of the old people in rural area and their economic reality in the rapid aging society on the basis of the improvement of their welfare standards and analysed their leisure as well as the effect caused by the nations' welfare policy, Based on the current advanced studies, the researcher prepared various indexes and studied the people who have lived in a certain area together to make more appropriate study. Since it is only dealing with people older than 65 residing in Yangpyeong, there might be differences from other residents, however, the researcher assumes that the opinions about the limit of government's policy felt by those old people may be similar. As a sample of this study, the researcher presented characteristics of the old in rural community, their economy & leisure satisfaction index as well as problems of welfare policy on the old. Therefore, the researcher convinces that this will be helpful for setting the direction of the welfare policy on the old in rural area. Further more, this study surveyed the general relationship of their welfare level and improvement. So the researcher hopes that this may be used as a basic data of economic reality of the old in rural area and expectation standards for their welfare policy. The summary of this research is as follow. First, in case of the old people in Yangpyeong, 43 people are younger than 69 (20.5%), 66 people are from 71 to 75 ( 31.4%) and 34 people are older than 81 (16.2%). Regarding educational background, 130 people had no academic background ( 61.9%), 53 people graduated elementary school (25.2%), 18 people graduated middle school (8.6%) and 7 people graduated high school ( 3.3%). Especially, 188 people had no present dwelling family members (89.5%) and 22 people had more than 1 family members (10.5%). The reason for not dwelling with children is mostly due to financial status (34people, 35.4%). On the other hand, the reason for not dwelling with children is mostly due to mental burden (33people, 30%) Second, regarding the economic reality of the old in rural area, there are some different depression propensity depending on the economic satisfaction but no difference in economic satisfaction depending on sex and education. On the contrary, the religion affected the economic satisfaction greatly in which we can tell they rely on religion to have spiritual satisfaction to some extent. Third, regarding the health satisfaction over the medical services they are using, there is a little difference in health & life satisfaction between ages. In case of sex ((t=1.767, p=.185>.05) in accordance with educational level(F=4.748, p=.001<.05), it shows no difference in health & life satisfaction between male and female. But there is some difference (F=26.39, p=.000>.001) in health & life satisfaction considering monthly profit. An average of 36.4% said that medical expenses were a big burden. Fourth, regarding the leisure life, there was no significant difference even though there is a difference in age, sex, education, number of children and monthly profit. Regarding the welfare policy for old people, an average of 41.5% points out the lack of the welfare facilities and 16.3% points out its incorrectness. One of the unexpected answers is that the policy is being used politically (9.5%0). By this, it seems that the government might be using some part of the welfare services politically. The positive and negative factors of this matter shall be studied from the another aspect in the future. 15.6% said the welfare policy and service are just formalities and 17% said others. It means that the current welfare policy on the old gives no assistance to the old people in rural area practically. Especially, there is a high portion on the unbalance between the welfare policy and social services, the lack of retirement service facilities and lack of understanding of welfare policy by the government. Therefore it is found that the study concludes that many old people have no trust on the policy. The study judges that we have to pay more practical attention to those people and suggests some plans for improvement of policies and systems after researching the economic reality, health and medical services, leisure life plans and demand & supply realities.