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초등학생의 구강건강증진행위 모형 개발

Title
초등학생의 구강건강증진행위 모형 개발
Other Titles
Development of an Oral Health Promotion Behavior Model for Primary School Children
Author
김수경
Alternative Author(s)
Kim, Soo-Kyung
Advisor(s)
김윤신
Issue Date
2008-02
Publisher
한양대학교
Degree
Doctor
Abstract
초등학교 시절은 유치가 영구치로 교환되며, 일생의 구강건강기반이 조성되는 시기이므로 초등학생들에게 구강건강증진행위에 대한 필요성을 교육하고 이를 습관화할 수 있는 실천방안을 체계적으로 제공해 주어야 한다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 Pender (3차 개정)의 건강증진모델과 문헌고찰을 토대로 초등학생의 구강건강증진행위에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하여, 이를 바탕으로 가설적 모형을 설정하고, 검증함으로써 초등학생의 구강건강증진행위를 설명하는 모형을 개발하고자 실시하였다. 연구도구는 구강검진결과기록부와 자기기입식 설문지로서, 구강검진결과는 2007년 4월부터 10월까지 학교건강검사 일환으로 지정된 치과의료기관에서 구강검진한 결과 기록부를 이용하였으며, 설문도구는 과거 구강건강관련행위, 학업스트레스, 주관적 구강건강상태, 지각된 유익성, 지각된 장애성, 자아존중감, 자기효능감, 사회적 지지, 구강건강증진행위를 측정변수로 설정하였다. 자료수집은 2007년 9월 3일부터 9월 29일까지 서울특별시에 위치한 4개 초등학교에 재학 중인 5, 6학년 학생을 대상으로, 설문에 동의한 1123명 중 설문응답이 불완전하거나 구강검진결과가 누락된 394명의 자료를 제외한 729명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 12.0 프로그램과 LISREL WIN 8.8 프로그램으로 분석하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상자의 우식영구치보유자율은 46.9%이었으며, 우식치아는 평균 1.66개, 결손치아 평균 0.03개로, 우식치아가 많을수록 구강건강증진행위 수행정도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가설적 모형의 적합도는, 부합지수는 =121.66, 유의확률 0.00으로 모형에 적합하지 않게 나왔으나, 표본의 크기가 증가하면 실제로 모델이 부합하여도 적합하지 않는 것으로 나타날 수 있으므로 다른 적합지수로 적합도를 확인한 결과, GFI(Goodness of Fit Index)=0.96, RMSR(Root Mean Square Residual)=0.049, NFI(Normed Fit Index)=0.93, 표준화잔차가 3이하로 자료와 잘 부합되는 바람직한 모형임을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 가설적 모형에서 설정된 26개 경로 중 23개 경로가 통계적으로 직접효과와 총 효과가 유의하게 나타났으며, 2개 가설은 간접효과와 총 효과가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나 사회적 지지와 구강건강증진행위와의 경로를 제외한 총 25개 가설이 지지되었다. 넷째, 외생변수인 과거 구강건강관련행위, 학업스트레스 및 주관적 구강건강상태는 모든 내생변수인 지각된 유익성, 지각된 장애성, 자아존중감, 자기효능감, 사회적지지, 구강건강증진행위에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 구강건강증진행위에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 변수로, 과거 구강건강관련행위가 가장 영향력이 컸으며(=0.45, t=14.66), 주관적 구강건강상태(=0.22, t=7.39), 지각된 유익성(=0.14, t=4.63), 자기효능감(=0.16, t=4.30), 자아존중감(=0.11, t=3.13) 순으로 나타났고, 부정적인 영향을 미치는 변수는 학업스트레스(=-0.14, t=-8.27), 지각된 장애성(=-0.13, t=-4.29)으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 구축한 초등학생의 구강건강증진행위 모형은 포괄적인 모형이라고 할 수 있으며, 초등학생의 구강건강증진행위를 예측하는 변수들로 실제 활용될 수 있다고 본다. 따라서 초등학생의 구강건강교육방안을 계획하는데 본 연구의 모형을 적용하면 실제 구강건강교육 프로그램의 개발과 교육에 효과적으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.; The primary school children who have the transition period from baby teeth to permanent ones need to be provided with the systematic oral health education because their lifetime oral health conditions are determined by behaviors and habits in their early school days. Thus, this study has been attempted to identify the major factors against oral health promotion behaviors of primary school children by Pender's Health Promotion Model(the 3rd edition) and the references. Those identified factors were used to hypothesize a model and it was verified by way of explanation for the children's oral health promotion behaviors. It also aimed to provide some basic data with the development of specific and practical oral health education programs to promote their oral health promotion behavior. The research tools were included the oral checkup charts and survey sheets. The dental clinics that were appointed to perform the oral checkups on the children from April to September, 2007 provided the checkup results of interviewee. The measured variables of the oral health promotion behavior of primary school children include previous oral health related behavior, overstress by study, perceived oral health status, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-esteem, self-efficacy, social support, and oral health promotion behavior. Data sets were collected from the fifth and sixth graders at the four primary schools in Seoul from Sep. 3rd ro Sep 29th, 2007. Total 1,123 students have responded survey, and 394 of survey sheets were rejected due to either incomplete answers or absence of the oral checkup interviewee. As a result, total 729 survey sheets were used in the study. The gathered data were analyzed statistically by SPSS WIN 12.0 and LISREL WIN 8.8 program. The findings were as follows: Firstly, 46.9% of the subjects had decayed permanent teeth, and the average number of decayed teeth was 1.66 and missing teeth turned out as average 0.03. Secondly, the level of fitness against the hypothetical model was x' =121.66 and significacy was 0.00, which means that the model was not appropriate. But it should be noted that when the sample size is increased, the model might show different results even if there is no significant difference statistically. In fact, when other degree of fitness considered such as GFI=0.96, RMSR=0.049, and NFI=0.93, it's apparent that the model was appropriately matched. Thirdly, 23 out of the 26 paths were turned out correspondent to the hypothetical model which accepted as direct effect. And two hypotheses had statistical significance indirectly. Thus, total 25 hypotheses were supported except the paths with social support and oral health promotion behavior. Fourthly, the three extrinsic variables that were previous oral health related behaviors, overstress by study, and perceived oral health status turned out to have influences on all the intrinsic variables. Lastly, the biggest positive influences to the perceived oral health promotion behavior came from previous oral health related behavior(ν_(61) =0.45, t=14.66), which were followed by perceived oral health status(ν_(63) =0.22, t=7.39), perceived benefit(β_(61)=0.14, t=4.63), self-efficacy(β_(64)=0.16, t=4.30), and self-esteem(β_(63)=0.11, t=3.13) in the order. The variable that had the most negative impacts was study-related stress(ν_(62),=-0.14, t=-8.27), which was followed by perceived barrier(,β_(62)=-0.13, t=-4.29). The prediction model of the oral health promotion behavior for the primary school children developed in the study is a comprehensive one and may be practically useful to predict the oral health promotion behavior of children in case of the planning stage of oral health education for the children, the model is supposed to contribute to develop effective education programs for oral health care.
URI
https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/147455http://hanyang.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000409152
Appears in Collections:
GRADUATE SCHOOL[S](대학원) > HEALTH SCIENCES(보건학과) > Theses (Ph.D.)
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