자원봉사 경험과 동기가 활동의 만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 연구에서는 자원봉사 인력의 부족과 수급의 부족으로 인한 활성화 방안을 모색하기 위하여 자원봉사 활동 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인 즉, 자원봉사 참여도와 동기와의 관계를 분석하고 이들 요인들과 자원봉사자의 일반적 특성과의 차이를 규명하여 자원봉사 활동의 개선방안 및 활성화방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이 연구를 위해 볼론티어21의 “2005 한국인의 자원봉사 및 기부현황” 설문1,611부 조사 자료를 연구의 분석 자료로 활용하였고, 자원봉사활동 경험, 자원봉사활동 동기, 자원봉사 활동만족도의 세분류로 가설을 설정하고 검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과 자원봉사 동기나 참여도가 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 차이를 보였으며, 자원봉사 참여동기는 자원봉사 참여, 자원봉사 만족도에 영향을 미치는 변수임으로 자원봉사 활성화를 위해선 자원봉사자들을 위한 참여 동기를 개별화하여 이해하는 체계적이고 조직적인 관리의 중요성이 부각된다.; The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between volunteers’ participation and motivation, identify the differences between these two elements and volunteers’ general traits, and suggest a framed direction to uncover and suitable volunteers, in order to seek improvement and activation plan in this shortage of manpower. For this purpose, I conducted 1,611 questionnaires from "2005 the status of volunteer work and donation in Korea" and analyzed the data. From this survey data, I established three hypotheses, the experience of volunteer work, the motivation of it, and satisfaction with it, and verified them. For the positive analysis, I used one-way ANOVA, cross-tabulation analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The following is the results of my analysis. First of all, in the aspect of difference of volunteer work's experience, female was higher than male significantly considering by the factor of sociology of population. And also expertise/freelancers considering by the factor of career and the students in college by the factor of academic level were higher significantly. It showed significant difference in non head, when considering by the head of household, in Catholic and Protestant considering by the religion, and 40s and 50s considering by the age. It showed that the results were similar to the precedent researches. When considering the income level, there was not difference in the experience of volunteer work. However when considering annual income, there was shown that higher income earners were increasing in ratio of volunteer work. Second of all, in the aspect of volunteer's motivation, the order was shown as religious conviction, instrumentalism, altruism, development, and persuasion when considering by the factor of sociology of population. The religious conviction took the most important factors in the item of volunteer's motivation as the precedent research by Lee kanghyeon in 2002, who verified the religious conviction as the most influential factor in volunteer's attitude. However the motivation for instrumentalism as getting new knowledge and experience or utilizing it as leisure was higher than that of drive for altruism which meets the original purpose of helping others with volunteer work. The drive for development and persuasion shows that the human network is exposed to approaching volunteer work. The result of non significant difference in the item of social duty implies insufficient recognition that the volunteer work is the duty of citizens. In the aspect of relationship between participation and drive, it was shown that male was higher only in social duty and female was higher in all items except development and persuasion significantly when considering by the factor of demography. When considering age, there was not relationship in 20s, 30s, and 40s. But in the case of 50s and 60s, they showed significant difference in drive, so I could see that higher age is related with higher participation and motivation. And it showed somewhat different result from the precedent research in the sense that altruism by 60s was excluded. When considering monthly income, there was shown relationship between altruism and \4,500,000~4,990,000(KW). So I could see that higher income earners have more moral duty. When considering by the career, protestant was related with instrumentalism, and the altruism of non-believer seemed able to replace with religious conviction by believer. Third of, the results of researching participation in, motivation for, and satisfaction with the volunteer work were as followings. The participation by volunteers with motivation for religious belief, instrumentalism, development, and persuasion were higher than those with drive for altruism. But in satisfaction with the work, the drive for altruism showed highest influence. As shown by the results of this study, motivation or participation had difference by the trait of demography. And the motivation for participation was influential factor in participation and satisfaction. So it needs understanding, systematic, and organic management by individualizing drive for participation to activate volunteer work. Lastly, as this study has limit in the sense that it did not analyse the influence among factors, so there needs more study about the relationship among them concretely. And there needs detailed researches on the factors of organization and management that have indirect influence on volunteer work with the parameter of satisfaction.