GIS 기반의 토공운반경로 분석 방법론 개발

Abstract

The goal of earthmoving planning is to minimize resource expenditures by selecting efficient haul routes and equipment combination required to successfully complete the earthwork. Temporary haul roads are often necessary for efficient hauling due to surrounding conditions of the construction site. Construction planners need to consider not only production of fleet configuration but also costs incurred by haul road construction for cost-effective haul route planning. This thesis proposes a planning methodology that assists construction planners in making a decision on haul routes by providing an efficient haul route and fleet production and cost information.

The planning takes two phases: 1) geographic analysis for temporary haul route layout and 2) production and cost analysis. Five geographic factors, 1) distance and ground slopes, 2) landuse, 3) residential areas, 4) obstacle areas (e.g. cultural properties), and 5) existing roads (e.g. farm roads), are dealt with in the geographic analysis to find efficient haul road layout. After haul road layout, fleet production and cost analysis are conducted in order to select the more cost-efficient route plan. Literature reviews and onsite interviews with construction planners who had much experience were conducted so as to derive the criteria of the factors. Criteria of each factor are explained with its requirements and rules of thumb widely used at construction sites. Fuzzy membership functions are applied to quantitatively reflect the criteria, and the weight of each factor is determined through the Saaty's pairwise comparisons. Consequently, a planning methodology to determine the efficient haul route that effectively considers the factors of haul road layout is developed.

Costs incurred by constructing new temporary roads are dealt with in Phase 2. There are 3 costs to be considered: 1) temporary road construction cost, 2) land rental cost, and 3) earthmoving cost. These costs are reflected on the layout analysis and calculated in the system based on construction-related tables such as equipment information table and unit cost table.

GIS plays an important role in the planning methodology, and the analysis system for Phase 2 was implemented. Cost-weighted distance function, one of GIS spatial analysis functions, is effectively utilized in the study to find the efficient path considering many factors. Raster data model is utilized in the analysis. Dijkstra's Algorithm supports to find the least-cost path between two points.

Test studies are conducted to verify the applicability of the proposed methodology. Two test studies: 1) temporary dam haul (access) road and 2) temporary haul road connecting cut/fill areas in a roadway construction project, are presented in this thesis. The route derived by applying the methodology is compared with the real design road data. Fleet production, costs for both routes and equipment combinations are presented and discussed. The planner was able to find more efficient route plan based on the analysis results.