공동주택 유지관리현황 및 개선에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 공동주택에서 발생하는 건축시공상의 문제점을 파악하여 시공상의 하자 발생 유형과, 하자 유형별 분류를 위해서 서울 및 수도권의 17개 공동주택단지의 14,762세대를 대상으로 하자보수대장 및 실태점검보고서에 근거한 하자발행유형에 대한 실증분석을 실시하였다. 또한 공동주택관리규칙령 및 기존 연구 고찰을 통하여 14개 공종 및 48개의 세부공종으로 공동주택 하자발행유형을 재구성하였으며, 서울 및 수도권의 17개 단지의 공동주택 하자발생 사례를 통해 도출된 각각의 하자발생유형들을 공종별, 경년별, 공용 및 전용부위별로 분류하여 하자발생 유형을 분류 및 체계화하고 각각의 하자유형에 대한 저감방안을 모색하여 입주자가 요구하는 보다 질 높은 주거환경조성과 공동주택 건설현장에서의 품질개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구 과정에서 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다.

(1) 공사별 전체 하자발생률을 보면 건축부문이 81.29%, 설비부문이 13.55%, 전기부문이 5.15%로 나타나 대부분의 하자가 건축부문에서 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있다.

(2) 공종별로 하자발생률을 분석해보면 건축에서는 마감공사가 37.79%로 가장 많았고, 창호공사가 29.89%, 철근콘크리트공사가 21.99%, 설치물 공사가 9.88% 순으로 나타났다. 설비에서는 설비기타공사가 55.60%로 가장 많았고, 급/배수/위생설비공사가 20.75%, 난방/환기/공기정화설비공사가 12.39%의 순으로 나타났으며, 전기에서는 전기기타공사가 45.37%, 전기 및 전력설비공사가 42.30%를 차지하였다.

(3) 경년에 따른 시공결함 항목별 발생률을 정리해 보면 전체적으로 건축공사의 하자발생비율이 높았으며 대부분의 상위 순위를 차지하고 있으며, 1년차의 초기에는 주방가구 및 각종가구 등에 대한 설치물공사가 가장 높은 발생률을 보이며 1순위를 차지하였다. 그 뒤로는 급, 배수 위생설비공사, 균열 및 누수공사, 창호공사, 마감공사 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 2년 차에는 창호공사와 마감공사의 발생률이 높아지는 것으로 나타났으나, 3년 차 이후에는 감소하여 점점 비율이 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다.

(4) 공동주택의 공용 및 전용부위별 하자발생유형에서는 공용부위의 주요하자는 건물의 균열, 누수, 결로 등의 건축공사의 철근콘크리트공사에서 주로 발생하고 있으며, 전용부위의 주요하자는 설치물공사, 창호공사, 타일공사, 석공사, 수장공사 등 주로 건축공사의 마감공사와 창호공사에서 주로 발생하는 하자로 나타났다.

(5) 공사별 하자 발생 빈도분석 결과를 중심으로 공종별, 경년별, 공용 및 전용부위별 하자관리 요인을 도출하였으며, 그 결과를 토대로 하자 관리방안을 제시하였다.|This study is to figure out problems in the construction of apartment buildings and empirically analyze the types of construction defects based on Repair records and status reports for 14,762 households at 17 apartment complexes in the greater Seoul area for the purpose of classifying the types of construction defects. Besides, the types of apartment construction defects were re-organized into 14 works and 48 detailed tasks based on the review of regulation for the maintenance of apartment buildings and other literature. The cases of construction defects at the 17 apartment complexes in the greater Seoul area were classified based on works, year, and common/private areas for the systematic classification of construction defects, and measures to improve the quality of resident environment and apartment buildings were suggested by exploring methods to reduce the number of construction defects for each defect type. The following are the conclusions of this study.

(1) Looking at the whole construction defects, construction, mechanical and electrical divisions account for 81.29%, 13.55%, and 5.15%, respectively, and this shows most of defects are from the construction division.

(2) For the frequency of construction defects by work of construction division, finishing work accounts for the most of 37.79%, followed by window/door work of 29.89%, steel concrete work of 21.99% and fixture work of 9.88%. For the mechanical division, other mechanical work accounts for the most of 55.60%, followed by water supply/drainage/sanitary work of 20.75% and HVAC work of 12.39%, and for the electrical division, other electrical work and electricity work account for 45.37% and 42.30%, respectively.

(3) For the defects by year, works of construction division showed greater frequency, most of works ranked high. During the early period of the first year, fixture work including kitchen furniture and other furniture shows the greatest frequency of defects, followed by the order of water supply/drainage/sanitary work, crack/water leak work, window/door work, and finishing work. Window/door work and finishing work show greater defects during the second year and the number of defects decreases from the third year.

(4) For the defects by common/private areas, major defects in the common area are cracks, water leak, and condensation, mostly occurring from the steel concrete work, and major defects in the private area are fixture work, window/door work, tile work, stone work, and interior finishing work, mostly occurring from the finishing work and window/door work.

(5) Factors for the maintenance of defects were deduced from the frequency analysis result of defects for each work for each work, year, and common/private areas, and based on the result, defect maintenance methods were suggested.; This study is to figure out problems in the construction of apartment buildings and empirically analyze the types of construction defects based on Repair records and status reports for 14,762 households at 17 apartment complexes in the greater Seoul area for the purpose of classifying the types of construction defects. Besides, the types of apartment construction defects were re-organized into 14 works and 48 detailed tasks based on the review of regulation for the maintenance of apartment buildings and other literature. The cases of construction defects at the 17 apartment complexes in the greater Seoul area were classified based on works, year, and common/private areas for the systematic classification of construction defects, and measures to improve the quality of resident environment and apartment buildings were suggested by exploring methods to reduce the number of construction defects for each defect type. The following are the conclusions of this study.

(1) Looking at the whole construction defects, construction, mechanical and electrical divisions account for 81.29%, 13.55%, and 5.15%, respectively, and this shows most of defects are from the construction division.

(2) For the frequency of construction defects by work of construction division, finishing work accounts for the most of 37.79%, followed by window/door work of 29.89%, steel concrete work of 21.99% and fixture work of 9.88%. For the mechanical division, other mechanical work accounts for the most of 55.60%, followed by water supply/drainage/sanitary work of 20.75% and HVAC work of 12.39%, and for the electrical division, other electrical work and electricity work account for 45.37% and 42.30%, respectively.

(3) For the defects by year, works of construction division showed greater frequency, most of works ranked high. During the early period of the first year, fixture work including kitchen furniture and other furniture shows the greatest frequency of defects, followed by the order of water supply/drainage/sanitary work, crack/water leak work, window/door work, and finishing work. Window/door work and finishing work show greater defects during the second year and the number of defects decreases from the third year.

(4) For the defects by common/private areas, major defects in the common area are cracks, water leak, and condensation, mostly occurring from the steel concrete work, and major defects in the private area are fixture work, window/door work, tile work, stone work, and interior finishing work, mostly occurring from the finishing work and window/door work.

(5) Factors for the maintenance of defects were deduced from the frequency analysis result of defects for each work for each work, year, and common/private areas, and based on the result, defect maintenance methods were suggested.