암모니아수를 이용한 이산화탄소 흡수공정에 관한 실험적 연구

Abstract

본 연구에서는 이산화탄소 포집 공정에서 공정 인자의 영향을 조사하기 위해 흡수탑을 직접 설계하고 제작하여 암모니아수의 유량, 농도, 온도 그리고 혼합 가스(N2+CO2)의 유량, 혼합 가스 내 CO2의 농도를 조절하며 실험을 진행하였다. 흡수탑은 총 길이 1200mm, 내경 50mm로 아크릴을 사용하여 제작을 하였고 흡수탑에는 Raschig Ring(6mm, Sus 316)을 채워 암모니아와 CO2의 반응 면적을 넓혔다. 암모니아수의 유량과 혼합 가스의 유량을 조절하며 실험한 결과에서 암모니아수와 혼합 가스의 유량 비율(L/G)이 6.2이상일 때, 90%의 CO2 흡수율과 20%미만의 흡수제 손실률을 나타내었다. 또한 암모니아수의 농도를 12 wt%로 실험한 경우 CO2 흡수율은 97%로 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 하지만 암모니아수의 농도가 증가함에 따라 흡수제 손실률도 비례적으로 증가하였다. 반면 혼합 가스 내 CO2 농도를 증가시키며 실험한 결과는 혼합 가스 내 CO2 농도에 비례하여 CO2 흡수율과 흡수제 손실률이 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 혼합 가스 내 CO2 농도는 암모니아수의 농도가 CO2 흡수율과 흡수제 손실률에 미치는 영향에 비하여 상대적으로 실험 결과에 미치는 영향은 미미하였다. 암모니아수의 농도를 조절하며 실험한 결과에서는 15℃, 25℃, 35℃의 암모니아수 모두 CO2 흡수율은 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 하지만 15℃의 암모니아수를 사용하여 실험한 결과에서 흡수제 손실률은 35℃의 암모니아수를 사용한 실험 결과보다 26% 적은 값인 7%가 측정되었다.| The research is preceded by directly installing absorption tower to regulate the consistency of CO2 within mixture gas and the flux of mixture gas(N₂+ CO2), and the flux, concentration, temperature of ammonia solution in order to investigate the influence of process factor in carbon dioxide collection process. The total length of absorption tower is 1200 and 50 inside diameter. The tower was fabricated with acrylic and filled with Raschig Ring(6, Sus 316) to widen the response area of ammonia and CO2. Based on the results of the flux of ammonia solution and mixture gas, if the ratio flux of ammonia solution and mixture gas is above 6.2, it illustrated a loss factor of 90% absorption efficiency of CO2 and below 20% of absorbent. Moreover, implementing the concentration of ammonia solution by 12 wt%, it illustrated the highest absorption efficiency of 97%. However, as the concentration of ammonia water increases the loss ratio of absorbent also increased proportionally. Whereas, carrying out the experiment by increasing the concentration of CO2 within mixture gas illustrated an increase loss ratio of absorbent and absorption efficiency of CO2 that is proportionate to the concentration of CO2 within the mixture gas. Therefore, the concentration of CO2 within the mixture gas, the concentration of ammonia water relatively showed minor influence on the absorption efficiency of CO2 and the loss factor of absorbent. Implementing the experiment by controlling the concentration of ammonia water; 15℃, 25℃, and 35℃, illustrated a similar result of the CO2 absorption efficiency. However, applying 15℃ of aqueous ammonia, the loss ratio of absorbent marked 7%, which is 26% lower than experimenting ammonia solution by 35℃.; The research is preceded by directly installing absorption tower to regulate the consistency of CO2 within mixture gas and the flux of mixture gas(N₂+ CO2), and the flux, concentration, temperature of ammonia solution in order to investigate the influence of process factor in carbon dioxide collection process. The total length of absorption tower is 1200 and 50 inside diameter. The tower was fabricated with acrylic and filled with Raschig Ring(6, Sus 316) to widen the response area of ammonia and CO2. Based on the results of the flux of ammonia solution and mixture gas, if the ratio flux of ammonia solution and mixture gas is above 6.2, it illustrated a loss factor of 90% absorption efficiency of CO2 and below 20% of absorbent. Moreover, implementing the concentration of ammonia solution by 12 wt%, it illustrated the highest absorption efficiency of 97%. However, as the concentration of ammonia water increases the loss ratio of absorbent also increased proportionally. Whereas, carrying out the experiment by increasing the concentration of CO2 within mixture gas illustrated an increase loss ratio of absorbent and absorption efficiency of CO2 that is proportionate to the concentration of CO2 within the mixture gas. Therefore, the concentration of CO2 within the mixture gas, the concentration of ammonia water relatively showed minor influence on the absorption efficiency of CO2 and the loss factor of absorbent. Implementing the experiment by controlling the concentration of ammonia water