서울시 장기전세주택(SHift) 사업이 주거복지에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

주차공간• 소음• 단지규모 등의 옥외환경, 범죄와 재해로부터 얼마나 안전한가에 대한 안전성, 거실• 주방시설• 우리나라의 주택시장은 지난 30여년간 급속한 경제발전 및 인구증가라는 풍부한 수요기반을 바탕으로 주택의 양적공급에 치중하여 왔다. 2010년 우리나라의 주택보급률은 101.9%에 이르면서, 주택정책 목표 달성에 상당한 기여를 해왔지만 복지와 환경의 질적 측면 등 주택에 대한 사회적 요구에는 둔감했다는 평을 듣고 있다. 정부의 적극적인 공급정책과 개입에도 불구하고 그 이면에는 부작용의 측면도 많아 개선 요구가 끊임없이 이어져 왔다. 소득계층간, 주택의 점유형태간 사회적 갈등을 조장하였다. 이는 공공임대주택정책이 단기간 내에 물량위주의 공급에만 초점이 맞추어져 실질적으로 저소득계층에게 필요한 주거안정방안과 주택정책의 내용에 대한 고려가 미흡했기 때문이다. 이에 서울시에서는 주택개념을 소유에서 거주로 전환하여 주택가격의 안정을 유도할 수 있는 방안으로 '장기전세주택'을 제시한다. 시행 6년이 지난 현재, 장기전세주택정책의 목표인 주거복지 향상에 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고 제도개선의 필요성이 제기되었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 서울시 강동구를 중심으로 장기전체주택 거주자들의 주거만족도에 대한 영향요인을 분석하여 향후 공급되어질 서울시 장기전세주택 거주자들의 주거복지 향상을 위한 요인을 연구하고 개선방안을 제시하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 본 논문은 현 서울시 장기전세주택 사업의 주거복지 효과를 정성적 방법을 통해 평가하고자 한다. 먼저 선행연구 고찰을 통하여 서울시 장기전세주택의 개념과 유형, 현황 그리고 주거복지, 주거만족도의 개념과 영향요인에 대해서 살펴보았다. 주거복지정책의 실제 수혜정도로서 장기전세주택의 주거만족도를 설문조사를 통해 확인 하였다. 수집된 자료릍 통해 설문응답자의 일반적 특성과 각 설문의 문항별 통계량을 파악하기 위하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석을 이용하였고, 주거만족도를 종속변수로, 실내환경, 외부환경, 안전성, 편리성을 독립변수로 일원분석과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 특히 정책의 취지가 유사한 장기전세주택과 임대아파트에 대한 주거만족도 비교 분석을 통해 각각의 제도가 갖고 있는 장점을 발견해 낼 수 있었다. 조사 결과, 실내환경, 외부환경, 안전성, 편리성에 대한 장기전세주택과 임대아파트 거주자의 주거만족 인식 차이에서, 전체적인 주거만족과 4개의 세부요인에 대해 장기전세주택 거주자가 더 높은 주거만족을 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 차이는 외부환경, 안전성, 실내환경, 편리성의 크기순으로 나타났다. 따라서 장기전세주택 거주자는 임대아파트 거주자보다 주택의 개방감• 욕실시설• 난방시설 등과 같은 내부구조, 직장• 학교• 상업시설 등을 얼마나 편리하게 이용할 수 있느냐 하는 편리성의 측면에서 더 높은 평가를 내리고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 앞으로 정책방향을 임대아파트보다는 입주자가 원하는 양질의 주택을 제공하는 장기전세주택의 공급물량 확충 및 제도의 활성화와 정착이 필요하다는 인식을 가지게 한다. 이제는 공공임대주택의 양적인 측면 보다는 시설이나 안전성, 편리성 등의 환경적 측면이 중요하며 뿐만 아니라 관리적 측면에도 중점을 두어야 할 것이다. 제도의 정착화를 통해 주거만족도 향상과 더불어 주거복지 향상에 기여 할 수 있을 것이다.|Based on abundant demands of rapid economic growth and increasing population, housing market of Korea has focused on quantitative supply for last 30 years. In 2010, diffusion rate of house reached 101.9% in Korea, although it contributed accomplishment of aim of the housing policy, it was evaluated it was little insensitive for social demands such as welfare and qualitative aspect of environments. Even though government has intervened it and enacted supply policies, there have been demands for improvements because of side effects on the other hand. It made social conflicts with each income bracket and each possession type of housing. It came from a reason because public rental house policy just focused on quantitative supply in short time so that it was lack of consideration about actual housing policy for lower income group. For that, Seoul changed a consciousness of housing from possession to dwelling and suggested 'long-term rent housing' as a method to make housing price stable. Today after 6 years from the enforcement, it is confirmed that the long-term rent housing could be effective for improvements of housing, and needs for improvement of the policy rises. For that, this study researches elements to improve housing welfare for the long-term rent housing and suggests improvements, by analyzing effective factors about housing satisfactory from residents who live in the long-term rent housing focusing on Gangdong-gu in Seoul. This study evaluates the effectiveness of housing welfare of the long-term rent housing project by using qualitative method. First of all, this study researched conception, types, and conditions of the long-term rent housing, housing welfare, and conception of housing satisfactory and effective factors, by considering advanced studies. Housing satisfactory of the long-term rent housing as following actual benefit level of the long-term rent housing was confirmed through surveys. Based on the collected data, this study used frequency analysis and reliability analysis for understanding general characteristics of the respondents and stat for each question. This study operated own way analysis and regression analysis with the housing satisfactory as a dependent variable and indoor environment, external environment, safety, and availability as an independent variable. Especially as comparing housing satisfactory of similar purposed policies between the long-term rent housing and the rented apartment, this study could find advantages of each policy. As the result of the research, in consciousness differences about indoor environment, external environment, safety, and availability between the long-term rent housing and the rented apartment, residents of the long-term rent housing showed the higher satisfactory than residents of the rented apartment into overall housing satisfactory and four specific elements. The differences emerged in order to external environment, safety, indoor environment, and availability. Therefore, residents of the long-term rent housing considered it as the higher than the rented apartment with many kind of aspects that external environment such as openness of house, parking area, noise, and size of complex, safety from crime and disaster, indoor environment such as living room, kitchen equipment, bathroom equipment, and heating system, and availability such as work place, school, and commercial facilities. This study could make politic directions taking consciousness that the qualitative long-term rent housing which residents want to live in should be more expended and more vitalized than policies for rented apartment. From now on, environmental aspects of the long-term rent housing such as facility, safety, and availability are more important than quantitative aspects, and management aspect should be underlined. Settlement of policy could improve housing satisfactory and contribute improvements of housing welfare.; Based on abundant demands of rapid economic growth and increasing population, housing market of Korea has focused on quantitative supply for last 30 years. In 2010, diffusion rate of house reached 101.9% in Korea, although it contributed accomplishment of aim of the housing policy, it was evaluated it was little insensitive for social demands such as welfare and qualitative aspect of environments. Even though government has intervened it and enacted supply policies, there have been demands for improvements because of side effects on the other hand. It made social conflicts with each income bracket and each possession type of housing. It came from a reason because public rental house policy just focused on quantitative supply in short time so that it was lack of consideration about actual housing policy for lower income group. For that, Seoul changed a consciousness of housing from possession to dwelling and suggested 'long-term rent housing' as a method to make housing price stable. Today after 6 years from the enforcement, it is confirmed that the long-term rent housing could be effective for improvements of housing, and needs for improvement of the policy rises. For that, this study researches elements to improve housing welfare for the long-term rent housing and suggests improvements, by analyzing effective factors about housing satisfactory from residents who live in the long-term rent housing focusing on Gangdong-gu in Seoul. This study evaluates the effectiveness of housing welfare of the long-term rent housing project by using qualitative method. First of all, this study researched conception, types, and conditions of the long-term rent housing, housing welfare, and conception of housing satisfactory and effective factors, by considering advanced studies. Housing satisfactory of the long-term rent housing as following actual benefit level of the long-term rent housing was confirmed through surveys. Based on the collected data, this study used frequency analysis and reliability analysis for understanding general characteristics of the respondents and stat for each question. This study operated own way analysis and regression analysis with the housing satisfactory as a dependent variable and indoor environment, external environment, safety, and availability as an independent variable. Especially as comparing housing satisfactory of similar purposed policies between the long-term rent housing and the rented apartment, this study could find advantages of each policy. As the result of the research, in consciousness differences about indoor environment, external environment, safety, and availability between the long-term rent housing and the rented apartment, residents of the long-term rent housing showed the higher satisfactory than residents of the rented apartment into overall housing satisfactory and four specific elements. The differences emerged in order to external environment, safety, indoor environment, and availability. Therefore, residents of the long-term rent housing considered it as the higher than the rented apartment with many kind of aspects that external environment such as openness of house, parking area, noise, and size of complex, safety from crime and disaster, indoor environment such as living room, kitchen equipment, bathroom equipment, and heating system, and availability such as work place, school, and commercial facilities. This study could make politic directions taking consciousness that the qualitative long-term rent housing which residents want to live in should be more expended and more vitalized than policies for rented apartment. From now on, environmental aspects of the long-term rent housing such as facility, safety, and availability are more important than quantitative aspects, and management aspect should be underlined. Settlement of policy could improve housing satisfactory and contribute improvements of housing welfare.