근로자의 삶의 질 결정요인에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 근로자의 삶의 질 결정요인에 관한 연구이다. 근로자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 연구· 분석하고 대기업 근로자와 중소기업 근로자의 삶의 질 차이를 분석하여 근로자의 삶의 질 개선에 기여하고, 근로자의 복지향상과 대기업 근로자와 중소기업 근로자의 계층 간 화합을 위한 방안을 모색하고자 하며, 이를 통하여 사회통합에 이르는 길을 앞당기는 데 기여함을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 서울 지역에 소재하는 대기업 4개와 중소기업 7개에 근무하는 정규직 근로자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 본 연구의 분석에 사용된 설문대상자는 218명으로 설문조사 기간은 2012년 4월 16일부터 5월 4일까지이다. 본 연구의 가설을 검증하기 위하여 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 사용하였으며, 조사의 신뢰성을 확인하기 위하여 Cronbach’s Alpha를 측정하여 표본의 신뢰성과 예측가능성을 검증하였다. 또한 설문의 타당도를 검증하기 위하여 요인분석을 실시하였다. 인구사회학적 특성과 요인별 특성을 알아보기 위하여 빈도분석과 기술통계량 분석을 실시하였으며, 근로자의 삶의 질 결정요인이 삶의 질에 미치는 관계와 영향을 알아보기 위하여 상관관계분석과 다변인 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 또한 인구사회학적 요인에 따른 대기업근로자와 중소기업 근로자의 삶의 질 차이를 알아보기 위하여 t-test와 일원변량분석(One way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면, 근로자의 삶의 질의 결정요인인 직무만족도와 직무스트레스 요인, 여가 및 취미활동, 주거환경, 건강상태는 근로자의 삶의 질에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있으나 소득에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 인구사회학적 요인에 따른 대기업 근로자와 중소기업 근로자의 삶의 질 차이를 분석한 연구에서는 소속기업군, 성별, 연령, 학력, 근무연수, 결혼여부에서 유의미한 차이가 있음이 입증되었다. 연구결과를 종합적으로 검토해 보면 근로자의 삶의 질에는 직업관련 요인인 직무만족도, 직무스트레스, 일상생활영역 요인인 여가 및 취미활동, 주거환경, 그리고 건강관련 요인인 건강상태는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 경제적 요인인 소득은 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 대기업 근로자와 중소기업 근로자의 삶의 질 차이에서는 근무연수가 길수록, 연령이 높을수록, 대기업 근로자일수록, 남성 근로자가, 학력이 높을수록, 결혼한 근로자가 삶의 질이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 직장생활에서의 직무와 관련된 요인이 근로자의 삶의 질에 가장 큰 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 대기업 근로자와 중소기업 근로자의 삶의 질에 차이가 있음이 입증되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 기업과 관련부처는 직무환경 개선 등을 통하여 근로자의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 제도적 마련이 필요하다 할 것이다. 이로 인하여 기업의 이미지 제고와 생산성 향상을 통한 기업과 국가의 경쟁력에 기여하게 될 것이다. 이는 근로자의 삶의 질 향상이 한 개인, 한 기업, 한 국가의 책임이 아닌 개인과 기업, 국가를 모두 아우르는 전반적인 책임과 화합을 통하여 사회통합에 이르는 길을 모색하게 됨은 물론 근로자의 행복지수의 향상과 함께 우리나라 국민의 행복지수를 높이는 데에도 기여하게 될 것이다.|This study is related to determinants of worker's quality of life. This study researched and analyzed determinants to influence worker's quality of life, and it analyzed quality differences of each worker in large business and small business to contribute improvements of worker's quality of life. Then this study tried to find a way to improve welfare for workers and to harmony of each class of workers in large business and small business. Through it, this study has a purpose to contribute acceleration of social integration. This study surveyed full time workers in four large businesses and seven small businesses. It selected the 218 workers as objectives of the survey and was surveying from April 16, 2012 to May 4, 2012. It used a program called SPSS WIN 18.0 to examine hypothesis and measured Cronbach’s Alpha to certify reliability of this research, so that it verified reliability of specimen and predictability. Also, this study operated factorial analysis to certify validity of the survey. This study operated frequency analysis technical strategic analysis to research characteristics of demographic and each factor. This study operated correlation analysis and multifactorial regression analysis to find correlations and effects from determine factors of worker's quality of life how to influence quality of life. This study also operated t-test and One-Way ANOVA for researching difference of worker's quality of life from demographic characteristics. As summarizing the results of this study, determinants of worker's quality of life such as satisfaction of job, stress factors of job, leisure and hobby, housing environment, and health state influenced positively worker's quality of life but they did not influence income. As following demographic characteristics, determinants of difference of worker's quality of life between small business and large business showed meaningful results in company size of workers, gender, age, education, years of work, and marital state. As examining generally the results of this study, it showed meaningful influences to worker's quality of life but it didn't show meaningful influence to economical factor called income that determinants related to job such as satisfaction of job, and stress of work and determinants related to everyday life such as leisure and hobby, housing environment, and health state. In differences of worker's quality of life between small business and large business, it showed higher worker's quality of life that the longer years of work, the more aged, the larger company, male workers than female, the more educational state, and marital state than non-marital. Therefore in this study, determinants related to job could influence worker's quality of life the most, and this study certified there were differences of worker's quality of life between large business and small business. Based on the results of this study, businesses and related ministries could demand institutional preparation for worker's quality of life through improvement work environments. It could contribute competitiveness of businesses and the nation from improved image of businesses and productivity. The improvement of worker's quality of life is not in charge of an individual, a business, and a nation but in charge of general nation and harmony and then that could suggest a way to integrate society and contribute happiness index of national people with increasing happiness of workers.; This study is related to determinants of worker's quality of life. This study researched and analyzed determinants to influence worker's quality of life, and it analyzed quality differences of each worker in large business and small business to contribute improvements of worker's quality of life. Then this study tried to find a way to improve welfare for workers and to harmony of each class of workers in large business and small business. Through it, this study has a purpose to contribute acceleration of social integration. This study surveyed full time workers in four large businesses and seven small businesses. It selected the 218 workers as objectives of the survey and was surveying from April 16, 2012 to May 4, 2012. It used a program called SPSS WIN 18.0 to examine hypothesis and measured Cronbach’s Alpha to certify reliability of this research, so that it verified reliability of specimen and predictability. Also, this study operated factorial analysis to certify validity of the survey. This study operated frequency analysis technical strategic analysis to research characteristics of demographic and each factor. This study operated correlation analysis and multifactorial regression analysis to find correlations and effects from determine factors of worker's quality of life how to influence quality of life. This study also operated t-test and One-Way ANOVA for researching difference of worker's quality of life from demographic characteristics. As summarizing the results of this study, determinants of worker's quality of life such as satisfaction of job, stress factors of job, leisure and hobby, housing environment, and health state influenced positively worker's quality of life but they did not influence income. As following demographic characteristics, determinants of difference of worker's quality of life between small business and large business showed meaningful results in company size of workers, gender, age, education, years of work, and marital state. As examining generally the results of this study, it showed meaningful influences to worker's quality of life but it didn't show meaningful influence to economical factor called income that determinants related to job such as satisfaction of job, and stress of work and determinants related to everyday life such as leisure and hobby, housing environment, and health state. In differences of worker's quality of life between small business and large business, it showed higher worker's quality of life that the longer years of work, the more aged, the larger company, male workers than female, the more educational state, and marital state than non-marital. Therefore in this study, determinants related to job could influence worker's quality of life the most, and this study certified there were differences of worker's quality of life between large business and small business. Based on the results of this study, businesses and related ministries could demand institutional preparation for worker's quality of life through improvement work environments. It could contribute competitiveness of businesses and the nation from improved image of businesses and productivity. The improvement of worker's quality of life is not in charge of an individual, a business, and a nation but in charge of general nation and harmony and then that could suggest a way to integrate society and contribute happiness index of national people with increasing happiness of workers.