공공디자인과 뉴거버넌스의 연계를 통한 지역활성화에 관한 연구

Abstract

국내 공공디자인 관련 사업은 단편적ㆍ일회적인 정책으로 그치는 경우가 많고 지나치게 행정적, 정치적, 상업적으로 편중되면서 지역의 역사 및 문화가 반영되지 못하는 개성 없는 과시적 사업으로 전개되고 있다는 비판이 제기되고 있다. 더불어 삶의 질 향상, 도시브랜드 창출, 지역 커뮤니티의 재생이 현대사회에서 중요한 사회적 문제로 부각되고 있는 가운데, 지역주민의 자발적 참여와 역할이 지역의 활성화를 위해 중요한 요소로 인식되는 상황에서 행정적 지원 및 방안이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 지역활성화의 수단으로 공공디자인을 활용하는데 초점을 두고 지역주민 스스로가 네트워크를 구성하여 정책 수립 및 실행하는 뉴거버넌스 개념을 바탕으로 한 자생적 주민자치의 구체적인 대안과 지방자치단체의 행정적 전략을 도출하고 새로운 개념의 지역활성화 방안을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 공공디자인 및 뉴거버넌스의 이론적 개념을 검토하였으며, 공공디자인을 매개로 지역활성화를 이룬 국내외 사업현황을 조사, 분석하였다. 또한, 뉴거버넌스 개념을 활용한 지역활성화 전략의 의미와 필요성을 검증하기 위해 국내 마을만들기 교육사업의 성과를 살펴보고 주민역량 강화, 지역 네트워크 구축 등 지역활성화를 위해 필요한 요소를 도출하였다. 이를 통해 국내의 마을만들기 교육사업의 한계에 대한 인식을 바탕으로 지역주민 스스로 지역활성화 정책을 기획, 수립, 실행 할 수 있는 추진단계 체계를 수립하였고, 이를 바탕으로 하여 공공디자인과 뉴거버넌스의 전략적 전개를 통한 지역활성화를 위해 주민, 전문가, 시민단체, 행정조직의 협동 시스템을 구축하는 방안을 도출하였다. 상기와 같은 프로세스를 통해 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 지역활성화 정책은 무엇보다도 주민이 자발적으로 주도하는 마을만들기를 원칙으로 하되 행정 조직의 간접지원으로 주민의 참여를 유도하는 것을 주된 목표이다. 따라서 주민주도형 지역활성화 정책은 단순히 제도적 정책뿐만 아니라 현재 진행된 마을만들기의 성공 및 실패 요인을 고려하여 단계적으로 추진될 필요가 있다. 둘째, 마을만들기 교육 사업 등을 통해 지역리더를 육성하고 지역주민역량 강화의 노력이 이루어져야 하며, 정책적으로 고려된 지역 네트워크 제도의 도입방안이 강구되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 본격적으로 마을만들기를 비롯한 주민주도형 지역활성화 정책을 위한 지원정책과 제도를 구축하기 위해서는 향후 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 급변하는 지역 사회의 특성에 부합하도록 지역 주민 스스로가 계획하고 추진하는 효과적인 전략이 지속적으로 이루어져야 하며, 이는 지역의 매력을 높이고 경쟁력을 높이는 것은 물론 지역주민들이 함께 어울려 살아가는 사회적 공동체로서의 역할을 다하기 위해서도 반드시 필요한 사항이라는 점을 알 수 있었다. 또한 뉴거버넌스적 상향식 정책제언을 위해서는 마을만들기 교육사업과 같은 주민역량강화에 대한 보다 구체적인 방안과 행정적 지원을 위한 제도개선 연구가 필요할 것이다. 향후 본 연구를 통해 지역활성화를 위한 공공디자인 사업의 보다 구체적인 활용방안이 마련되길 기대해 본다.| Project related to domestic public design frequently ended as fragmentary or one-time policy. And some raise criticism that such project too much emphasis on administrative, political, and commercial aspects, the project does not reflect regional history and culture, and develops as project for showing off without individuality. Accordingly, as improvement of life quality, creation of city brand, and revival of regional community are stressed as important social issues in modern society, administrative support, and measures are in urgent need in the midst of situation where voluntary participation of regional residents and their roles are recognized as important factors for activation of region. Accordingly, this study drew specific alternative of spontaneous resident autonomy and administrative strategy of local government, and suggested measures to activate region in new concept based on New Governance concept that regional residents themselves organize network, establish and implement policy focusing on applying public design as means of regional activation. This study reviewed theoretical concept of public design and New Governance, surveyed and analyzed domestic and foreign project status where regional activation was achieved with the medium of public design. And to test meaning and necessity of regional activation strategy using New Governance concept, performance of educational project for constructing village in Korea was reviewed and elements necessary for regional activation such as strengthening capacity of residents, construction of regional network etc. were drawn. Through this, residents themselves established system of proceeding stages where policy of regional activation is planned, established, and implemented based on recognition about limitation of educational project for constructing village in Korea. And then, this study drew measures to construct cooperative system of residents, experts, citizens' body, and administrative organization for regional activation through strategical development of public design and New Governance. Through above process, this study drew conclusions as follows. First, policy to activate region has a principle that residents lead constructing village spontaneously. And its main goal is to induce participation of residents through indirect support from administrative organization. Accordingly, resident- led policy for regional activation is not simply systematic policy and it would be necessary to proceed with the policy by each stage gradually considering success and failure factor of constructing village already progressed. Second, Through educational project for constructing village, regional leader should be cultivated, efforts to strengthen capacity of regional residents should be made, and measures to introduce regional network system considered in policy level should be arranged. Third, Further study is required to construct support policy and system for resident- led policy for regional activation including constructing village. Through these study results, effective strategy which regional residents themselves plan and proceed with, should be continuously conducted fit to changing characteristics of regional society. It was known that this is necessary not only to raise attraction and competitiveness of the region but also to play a role as social community where regional residents live together. And, for down-up suggestion of policy like New Governance, study to improve system for specific measures and administrative support about strengthening resident's capacity like educational project for constructing village is needed. It is expected through this study that more specific measures to use public design project for regional activation can be arranged.; Project related to domestic public design frequently ended as fragmentary or one-time policy. And some raise criticism that such project too much emphasis on administrative, political, and commercial aspects, the project does not reflect regional history and culture, and develops as project for showing off without individuality. Accordingly, as improvement of life quality, creation of city brand, and revival of regional community are stressed as important social issues in modern society, administrative support, and measures are in urgent need in the midst of situation where voluntary participation of regional residents and their roles are recognized as important factors for activation of region. Accordingly, this study drew specific alternative of spontaneous resident autonomy and administrative strategy of local government, and suggested measures to activate region in new concept based on New Governance concept that regional residents themselves organize network, establish and implement policy focusing on applying public design as means of regional activation. This study reviewed theoretical concept of public design and New Governance, surveyed and analyzed domestic and foreign project status where regional activation was achieved with the medium of public design. And to test meaning and necessity of regional activation strategy using New Governance concept, performance of educational project for constructing village in Korea was reviewed and elements necessary for regional activation such as strengthening capacity of residents, construction of regional network etc. were drawn. Through this, residents themselves established system of proceeding stages where policy of regional activation is planned, established, and implemented based on recognition about limitation of educational project for constructing village in Korea. And then, this study drew measures to construct cooperative system of residents, experts, citizens' body, and administrative organization for regional activation through strategical development of public design and New Governance. Through above process, this study drew conclusions as follows. First, policy to activate region has a principle that residents lead constructing village spontaneously. And its main goal is to induce participation of residents through indirect support from administrative organization. Accordingly, resident- led policy for regional activation is not simply systematic policy and it would be necessary to proceed with the policy by each stage gradually considering success and failure factor of constructing village already progressed. Second, Through educational project for constructing village, regional leader should be cultivated, efforts to strengthen capacity of regional residents should be made, and measures to introduce regional network system considered in policy level should be arranged. Third, Further study is required to construct support policy and system for resident- led policy for regional activation including constructing village. Through these study results, effective strategy which regional residents themselves plan and proceed with, should be continuously conducted fit to changing characteristics of regional society. It was known that this is necessary not only to raise attraction and competitiveness of the region but also to play a role as social community where regional residents live together. And, for down-up suggestion of policy like New Governance, study to improve system for specific measures and administrative support about strengthening resident's capacity like educational project for constructing village is needed. It is expected through this study that more specific measures to use public design project for regional activation can be arranged.