한국 설상종목의 엘리트스포츠 정책요소 분석

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 9개의 정책요소로 구성된 국제적 엘리트스포츠 성공을 위한 정책 발전·분석 모형(SPLISS: Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success)을 통해서 한국 설상종목의 엘리트스포츠 정책요소를 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 한국형 설상종목의 엘리트스포츠 정책분석 요소에 대한 모형을 제시하는 것이며, 나아가 한국 설상종목의 엘리트스포츠의 발전에 기초가 되고자 하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해서 해외 선행연구와 문화체육관광부, 대한체육회, 대한스키협회의 다각적인 문헌을 분석 자료로 활용하였으며, 선행연구에서 누락되어 있던 국가의 엘리트스포츠 발전에 직·간접적으로 관련된 핵심 이해 당사자인 국가대표 운동선수들과 국가대표 코치·감독, 체육정책 연구원 및 정책실행자, 해외 우수국가의 국가대표 코치·감독 등 총 47명의 심층면접 결과를 함께 활용하여 다음과 같은 결론은 얻었다.

1. 한국 설상종목의 엘리트스포츠 정책요소 분석(9 Pillar)

Pillar 1. 재정지원 요소에서는 설상종목 경기력 향상을 위한 정부 재정지원의 부족과 비효율성이 나타났으며, 동계 설상종목 간의 재정지원에 대한 불균형이 심화 된 것으로 나타났다. Pillar 2. 정책구조와 조직 요소에서는 동계 설상종목들은 권위적 의사결정구조에 의해 정책의 참여와 소통이 원활하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. Pillar 3. 스포츠 참여 및 저변 요소에서는 동계 설상종목의 스포츠 참여 및 저변의 기초가 매우 열악한 수준인 것으로 나타났다. Pillar 4. 꿈나무 발굴 및 인재육성 개발시스템 요소에서는 동계 설상종목들은 현장성이 결여 된 비(非)실용적으로 꿈나무가 발굴되고 선수가 육성되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. Pillar 5. 진로경력 개발을 위한 선수지원 및 은퇴 후 지원 요소에서는 동계 설상종목 선수들의 진로경력개발을 위한 선수지원 및 은퇴 후 지원 프로그램이 안정적인 진로 개척이나 후생복지에 영향을 끼치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. Pillar 6. 훈련시설 요소에서는 동계 설상종목의 훈련시설 부족으로 인하여 해외 전지훈련에 대한 의존도가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. Pillar 7. 코치제공 및 지도자 능력 개발 요소에서는 동계 설상종목의 지도자 육성 인프라가 열악한 수준에 있고 지도자의 배치 기준 또한 마련되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. Pillar 8.국내·국제대회 참여기회 요소에서는 동계 설상종목의 국내·국제대회 참여기회는 종목 간의 불균등과 편중이 심화되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. Pillar 9. 과학적인 연구지원 요소에서는 동계 설상종목은 연구지원의 사각지대에 놓여 있음으로써 연구지원이 단절되어 있는 것으로 나타났다.

2. 한국형 설상종목의 엘리트스포츠 정책요소 모형(8 Pillar)

본 연구에 활용한 De Bosscher et al(2006)의 SPLISS(Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success) 모델 Nine Pillar(9)에서 제시하고 있는 9가지의 정책요소를 토대로 국내 설상종목의 사례를 분석한 결과 국내 현실에 비추어 비효율적이며, 국내 상황과 무관하다 판단되어지는 2가지 정책요인의 탈락으로 총 7가지 정책요소가 국내 설상종목의 엘리트스포츠 성공을 위한 정책요소 모형과 공통 된 유 관성을 나타내고 있으며, 해외 연구자들 정책요소에서는 나타나지 않았지만 국내 설상종목의 엘리트스포츠 성공요인의 제도적 기반을 이끌어 낼 수 있는 중요한 정책요소로 설상종목 엘리트스포츠 육성을 위한 관련 특별법 제정의 정책요소를 새롭게 추가하였다.

지금까지 전술한 연구결과를 총합하여 현재 우리나라의 여러 가지 상황과 현실에 맞는 국내 설상 종목의 국제적인 엘리트스포츠 성공을 위한 정책요소는 총 8개 요소로 모형을 제시하였다. 첫째, 효과적인 재정지원. 둘째, 관련 조직 간의 행정의 간소화 및 효율적인 의사소통. 셋째, 스포츠 참여 및 저변확대를 통한 인재육성 시스템 개발. 넷째, 국제적인 규모의 훈련시설. 다섯째. 수준 높은 코칭의 제공. 여섯째, 국제·국내경기의 균등한 참여기회 및 확대. 일곱째, 종합적인 스포츠과학 지원, 여덟째, 설상종목 엘리트스포츠 육성을 위한 특별법 제정.|The purpose of this study is to analyze the Korean elite sports policy factors through the SPLISS(Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success), and is to suggest the policy model as well as the foundation suitable for successful Korean elite sports in snow sports, In order to achieve the study purpose, previous overseas studies and the data from Ministry of culture, sports and tourism, Korean Olympic Committee, Korean Ski Association were used for the multilateral literature review. We also used the results of in-depth interview consisting of 47 members & coaches of the national team, researchers/decision makers of sports policies and coaches of the excellent foreign national teams who are responsible for success of national elite sports. The results in this study are as below.

1. Analysis of Korean elite sports policy factors (9 Pillar)

Pillar 1. There was a lack and inefficiency of financial assist from government for enhancing performance as well as lots of imbalance regarding financial assist among snow sports. Pillar 2. There was a lack of communication and participation by highhanded decision making process regarding policy structure and organization factor. Pillar 3. There was a very poor level of the base and participation factor in snow sports. Pillar 4. There was a unpractical cultivating system with the lack of experience regarding the selection and cultivation factor. Pillar 5. There was a lack of assistance program developing one's future career after retirement regarding player assistance factor. Pillar 6. There was a high degree of dependance upon off-season training abroad regarding the training facility factor. Pillar 7. There was a lack of coach-cultivation infra as well as arrangement standard regarding the man-power development factor. Pillar 8. There was an imbalance of participation opportunity in competition among events regarding the participation opportunity factor. Pillar 9. There was a disconnection of research assistance by snow sport set in blind spot regarding the scientific research factor.

2. The model of Korean elite sports policy factors(8 Pillar)

The empirical case study of Korean snow sports was conducted by using 9 pillar of policy factors, extracted by De Bosscher, De Knop, van Bottenburg, & Shibli(2006) as a basic analysis frame suitable for the study objective. 7 factors out of 9 has shown close relation in the model of Korean elite sports factors with falling off 2 policy factors with no relation and inefficiency in domestic situation, and there was an addition of factor of establishment for related special law. In summarizing the study results so far, total of 8 policy factors for leading to international sporting success in snow sports suitable for various situation in Korea, were shown as 1. effective financial support 2. efficient communication between relevant organizations 3. development of system to foster young talents and talented people, expansion of base & stable participation in sports through legalized system of support program after retirement 4. international scaled training facilities 5. provision of high-quality coaching 6. equal opportunity to participate in international/domestic competitions and its expansion 7. supporting general sport science 8. establishment of special law for improvement of snow sports.; The purpose of this study is to analyze the Korean elite sports policy factors through the SPLISS(Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success), and is to suggest the policy model as well as the foundation suitable for successful Korean elite sports in snow sports, In order to achieve the study purpose, previous overseas studies and the data from Ministry of culture, sports and tourism, Korean Olympic Committee, Korean Ski Association were used for the multilateral literature review. We also used the results of in-depth interview consisting of 47 members & coaches of the national team, researchers/decision makers of sports policies and coaches of the excellent foreign national teams who are responsible for success of national elite sports. The results in this study are as below.

1. Analysis of Korean elite sports policy factors (9 Pillar)

Pillar 1. There was a lack and inefficiency of financial assist from government for enhancing performance as well as lots of imbalance regarding financial assist among snow sports. Pillar 2. There was a lack of communication and participation by highhanded decision making process regarding policy structure and organization factor. Pillar 3. There was a very poor level of the base and participation factor in snow sports. Pillar 4. There was a unpractical cultivating system with the lack of experience regarding the selection and cultivation factor. Pillar 5. There was a lack of assistance program developing one's future career after retirement regarding player assistance factor. Pillar 6. There was a high degree of dependance upon off-season training abroad regarding the training facility factor. Pillar 7. There was a lack of coach-cultivation infra as well as arrangement standard regarding the man-power development factor. Pillar 8. There was an imbalance of participation opportunity in competition among events regarding the participation opportunity factor. Pillar 9. There was a disconnection of research assistance by snow sport set in blind spot regarding the scientific research factor.

2. The model of Korean elite sports policy factors(8 Pillar)

The empirical case study of Korean snow sports was conducted by using 9 pillar of policy factors, extracted by De Bosscher, De Knop, van Bottenburg, & Shibli(2006) as a basic analysis frame suitable for the study objective. 7 factors out of 9 has shown close relation in the model of Korean elite sports factors with falling off 2 policy factors with no relation and inefficiency in domestic situation, and there was an addition of factor of establishment for related special law. In summarizing the study results so far, total of 8 policy factors for leading to international sporting success in snow sports suitable for various situation in Korea, were shown as 1. effective financial support 2. efficient communication between relevant organizations 3. development of system to foster young talents and talented people, expansion of base & stable participation in sports through legalized system of support program after retirement 4. international scaled training facilities 5. provision of high-quality coaching 6. equal opportunity to participate in international/domestic competitions and its expansion 7. supporting general sport science 8. establishment of special law for improvement of snow sports.