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동적 국채수익률 기간구조 모형을 이용한 국채 발행전략 평가

Title
동적 국채수익률 기간구조 모형을 이용한 국채 발행전략 평가
Other Titles
Assessment of Sovereign Debt Strategies Using Dynamic Term Structure Model of Korea Treasury Bonds
Author
최건호
Alternative Author(s)
Choi, Geon-Ho
Advisor(s)
김명직
Issue Date
2012-08
Publisher
한양대학교
Degree
Doctor
Abstract
국 문 요 약 본 논문에서는 그 동안 우리나라 정부가 추진한 국채 발행정책을 살펴보고, 동적 국채수익률 기간구조 모형들을 이용하여 우리나라의 국채 발행전략도 평가해 보고자 한다. 우선, 우리나라의 국채 발행정책과 관련해서는 우리나라는 재정건전화 정책을 적극 추진하였으며, 국고채 월별 균등발행 등 국채시장 안정화 정책, 차환리스크 개선 및 안정적 재정·국가채무 운용을 위한 국고채 장기물 발행 확대, 국채 수요기반 확충 정책, 국고채 조기상환(Buy-Back)제도·국고채 최적 발행전략 시스템 구축 등 국채 관련 리스크관리 강화 방안 등을 적극 추진해 왔다. 이러한 정부의 정책 의지대로 국가채무가 관리되었는지 살펴보기 위해 우리나라의 국내총생산대비 국가채무 비율을 분석해 본 결과 32.0%로 유럽재정위기국(PIIGS) 113.9%의 1/4 수준이며 유로존(17개국) 평균 74.5%에 비해서도 절반 이하 수준에 있어 비교적 안정적인 상황이다. 그러나, 유럽 재정위기국(PIIGS)에서 보듯이 재정위기는 무분별한 복지확대 등 방만한 재정운용에도 그 원인이 있겠지만 민간부문 부실신용 지원을 위한 정부지출 확대, 경기침체로 인한 정부지출 증가 및 조세수입 감소 등이 근본적인 원인인 점을 감안할 때 우리나라도 거시경제 정책의 건전한 운영 및 재정건전화 정책 지속 추진 등을 통해 국가채무를 적절한 수준으로 관리하여야 할 것이다. 또한, 우리나라 정부의 국채시장 안정화 노력 등이 금융시장에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴보기 위해 국내총생산대비 국고채 비중을 분석해 본 결과 2007년 7.8%에서 2011년 27.5%로 상승하였으며 국고채회전율도 동 기간 중 5.5에서 10.1로 증가하는 등 국고채시장의 성장성 및 효율성이 크게 개선되어 정부의 정책이 금융시장 발전에 기여하고 있음을 보여준다. 따라서, 정부는 채권시장 및 금융시장 발전을 위해 그 동안 추진해 온 각종 정책들을 지속적으로 추진하여야 할 것이다. 한편, 본 논문의 우리나라 국채 발행전략 평가 부문에서는 평균-분산 체계 하에서 국채 발행비용과 위험을 분석하는 Hahm과 Kim (2003)의 모형에 기초한 접근 방식을 취하였다. 정부의 부채 포트폴리오 선택에 있어 국채수익률 기간구조모형의 영향을 비교 분석하기 위해 두 가지 모형, 즉 Diebold와Li (2006)가 제안한 시계열모형접근방법에 근거한 동적 Nelson- Siegel(DNS; dynamic Nelson-Siegel) 모형과 Christensen 등(2008a)이 제안한 무차익거래 Nelson-Siegel(AFNS; arbitrage free Nelson-Siegel) 모형을 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 2000년 9월부터 2008년 11월까지 한국의 명목 국고채(KTB; Korea Treasury Bonds) 12개 만기의 월별 현물 이자율을 이용한 결과, DNS모형과 같이 유연한 시계열 기간구조 모형이 AFNS모형보다 예측기간별 표준오차(Root Mean Square Error)가 더 작다는 점에서 DNS모형이 AFNS모형보다 좋은 모형임을 밝혔다. 그러나 적합도, 가격산정 오류의 크기, 표준오차의 규모 등을 고려할 때, 두 모형 모두 KTB 현물수익률곡선을 합리적으로 나타낸다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 본 논문은 2007년 12월 KTB 실제 포지션의 95% CaR (Cost-at-Risk)가 발행전략의 조정을 통해 5% 내지 6% 정도 감소될 수 있음을 보였다. 더욱이 무차익거래 제약이 있든 없든 동적 Nelson-Siegel 모형들은 상이한 전략들에 대해 일관된 평가결과를 도출하였다. 또한, 본 연구의 기본 방법론을 확장하여 가상의 1년 만기 무이표 국고채와 같은 국내 단기 채무상품을 새롭게 도입하는 경우에도 발행비용, 즉 평균 채무상환비용과 95% CaR를 모두 줄일 수 있는 전략이 존재함을 보였다. 다만 단기채의 발행 비중이 일정 수준을 넘을 경우, 즉 우리나라의 경우 포지션의 약 4% 정도를 초과할 경우, 이러한 효과는 소멸될 수도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 2012년 9월부터 발행할 예정인 만기 30년물 국고채 발행전략도 미국채 현물이자율을 이용하여 분석한 결과 20년물을 대용치로 하여 분석할 수 있으며 정부는 발행전략 실행시 목적함수에 최소 CaR 기준 대신 w*CaR95%+(1-w)*Duration과 같이 국채 포트폴리오의 듀레이션에 일정한 가중치(1-w)를 부여하는 것이 보다 중요한 것임을 고려할 필요가 있다.|ABSTRACT Assessment of Sovereign Debt Strategies Using Dynamic Term Structure Model of Korea Treasury Bonds Choi, Geon-Ho Department of Economics and Finance The Graduate School of Hanyang University Directed by Kim, Myung-Jig Department of Economics and Finance Hanyang University This paper examines the Treasury bond policy of the Korean government, and assesses sovereign debt strategies using dynamic term structure models of Korea Treasury Bonds(KTB). In issuing Treasury bonds, the Korean government has followed a policy of fiscal consolidation and Treasury bond market stabilization. The latter took the form of monthly smoothed bond and the enlargement of long-term bond issuance, as well as the adopting of buy-back, and optimized issuing systems. To evaluate if the management of government debt was in accordance with the above policy aims, the ratio of GDP to government debt was examined. As of 2011, the Korean GDP to government debt ratio was quite stable at 32.0 percent, approximately a quarter of the rate of 113.9 percent in PIIGS countries, and less than half of the Euro-zone rate of 74.5 percent. As seen in the PIIGS crisis, fiscal crises are not only entailed by lax fiscal policy, but fundamentally have their causes in the expansion of government expenditure for the support of a distressed private sector and decreased tax revenues during an economic recession. In this light, Korea also needs to maintain an optimum level of government debt through a sound macroeconomic and fiscal policy. The ratio of Korea's GDP to Korea Treasury Bonds has been looked into to analyze the effects, the government's efforts for Treasury bond market stabilization had on the development of the financial market. The ratio has risen to 27.5 percent in 2011 from 7.5 percent in 2007, and turnover ratio of Korea Treasury Bonds has also risen to 10.1 in 2011 from 5.5. in 2007. This implies that growth and efficiency of the Korea Treasury Bond market has influenced the development of Korean financial market. Thus Korean government should endeavor to continue the various policies from the past for the development of the bond and financial market. Second, to explore the effects of different interest rate modeling strategies on government debt portfolio selection, two models are considered; namely, the time series-based dynamic Nelson-Siegel (DNS) model proposed by Diebold & Li (2006) and the DNS model with arbitrage-free restrictions (AFNS model) proposed by Christensen et al. (2008a). Using monthly spot rates for 12 maturities of nominal Korea Treasury Bonds from September 2000 to November 2008, the present paper finds that a more generic term structure model, such as the DNS model, performs better than AFNS model in terms of smaller out-of-sample root mean squared errors at different forecast horizons. However, looking at the goodness-of-fit, the size of pricing errors and the magnitude of the root mean squared errors suggests that both models are reasonable representations of KTB spot curves. For the actual KTB position as of December 2007, the present paper shows that the 95% cost-at-risk(CaR) level might be able to trim as much as 5∼6% by rebalancing the portfolio. Furthermore, DNS and AFNS models produce a consistent assessment of different strategies. This paper also shows that introducing new short-term domestic debt instruments, such as 1-year zero coupon KTB, would benefit government in terms of lowering both the average debt-service cost and the 95% cost-at-risk. However, it is found that such benefits might dissipate if the issuance weights for such instruments exceed a certain level, which is approximately 4% of the position in the case of Korea. The issuance policy of Korea Treasury Bonds with maturity of 30 years which are going to be issued from September 2012 could be analyzed using the spot rate with maturity of 20 years in consideration of analysis of US Treasury Bonds. When issuing 30-year treasury bonds the Korean government should include in its objective function not only the minimum CaR, but also the weight of the bond portfolio duration such as in w*CaR95%+(1-w)*Duration.; ABSTRACT Assessment of Sovereign Debt Strategies Using Dynamic Term Structure Model of Korea Treasury Bonds Choi, Geon-Ho Department of Economics and Finance The Graduate School of Hanyang University Directed by Kim, Myung-Jig Department of Economics and Finance Hanyang University This paper examines the Treasury bond policy of the Korean government, and assesses sovereign debt strategies using dynamic term structure models of Korea Treasury Bonds(KTB). In issuing Treasury bonds, the Korean government has followed a policy of fiscal consolidation and Treasury bond market stabilization. The latter took the form of monthly smoothed bond and the enlargement of long-term bond issuance, as well as the adopting of buy-back, and optimized issuing systems. To evaluate if the management of government debt was in accordance with the above policy aims, the ratio of GDP to government debt was examined. As of 2011, the Korean GDP to government debt ratio was quite stable at 32.0 percent, approximately a quarter of the rate of 113.9 percent in PIIGS countries, and less than half of the Euro-zone rate of 74.5 percent. As seen in the PIIGS crisis, fiscal crises are not only entailed by lax fiscal policy, but fundamentally have their causes in the expansion of government expenditure for the support of a distressed private sector and decreased tax revenues during an economic recession. In this light, Korea also needs to maintain an optimum level of government debt through a sound macroeconomic and fiscal policy. The ratio of Korea's GDP to Korea Treasury Bonds has been looked into to analyze the effects, the government's efforts for Treasury bond market stabilization had on the development of the financial market. The ratio has risen to 27.5 percent in 2011 from 7.5 percent in 2007, and turnover ratio of Korea Treasury Bonds has also risen to 10.1 in 2011 from 5.5. in 2007. This implies that growth and efficiency of the Korea Treasury Bond market has influenced the development of Korean financial market. Thus Korean government should endeavor to continue the various policies from the past for the development of the bond and financial market. Second, to explore the effects of different interest rate modeling strategies on government debt portfolio selection, two models are considered
URI
https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/136263http://hanyang.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000420163
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GRADUATE SCHOOL[S](대학원) > ECONOMICS & FINANCE(경제금융학과) > Theses (Ph.D.)
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