기업지배구조가 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)활동과 조세회피의 관계에 미치는 영향

Abstract

국문요지

국내외적으로 기업의 사회적 책임에 대한 관심이 높아질 뿐 아니라 최근에는 지속가능한 기업 및 존경받는 기업의 필수요건으로 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)이 부각되고 있다. 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)은 기업생존과 성장을 위해서는 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 국내외의 경우를 종합해 볼 때, 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)활동은 새로운 글로벌 기업 활동으로 나타날 것이며, 모든 기업을 평가하는 기준이 될 것으로 예상되기 때문에 사회적 책임활동을 기회로 활용할 수 있다면 투자자 및 다양한 이해관계자와 같이 지속가능한 발전을 이룰 것으로 생각된다. CSR(기업의 사회적 책임)은 사회적∙ 국가적∙ 학문적으로 주요한 관심사항임에도 불구하고 아직까지 세무학 분야에서는 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 연구가 부족한 이유로는 CSR(기업의 사회적 책임) 및 세무자료의 접근성에 어려움이 있어 사례연구나 설문조사에 의존하는 연구가 대다수이기 때문이다. 기업의 사회적 책임이 세무학 연구 분야에서 흥미를 끌 수 있는 이유는 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)이 절세전략, 조세회피, 탈세에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 존재하기 때문이다. 사회적 책임에 적극적인 기업이 조세회피로 인한 탈세를 하게 된다면 투자자와 이해관계자이 받는 충격은 사회적 책임에 소극적인 기업에 비해 더 클 것이다. 반면에 사회적 책임에 소극적인 기업이 조세회피로 인한 탈세를 한다면 사회적 책임에 적극적인 기업에 비하여 투자자와 이해관계자들의 충격은 덜할 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 사회적 책임에 소극적인 기업은 조세회피를 통해 현금유출을 줄여 기업가치를 증가시키는 노력할 수 있다. 하지만, 사회적 책임에 적극적인 기업이라도 세무당국의 감시를 피해 조세회피를 할 유인이 충분히 존재하고 사회적 책임에 소극적인 기업이라도 세금보다는 기업이 보여지는 모습에 더 신경을 쓸 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)활동과 조세회피에 관한 의문점은 실증적인 연구주제가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 첫째, 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)활동과 조세회피. 즉, 기업의 사회적 책임이 세금비용을 늘리거나 줄이는데 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아본다. 둘째, 기업의 소극적인 사회적 책임(LOWCSR)활동과 조세회피에 관계에 기업지배구조가 추가적인 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아본다. 본 연구결과는 첫째, 사회적 책임에 소극적인 기업은 비세금비용보다는 세금비용을 고려하여 사회적 책임에 적극적인 기업에 비해 조세회피를 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적인 연구결과로 기업의 사회적 책임과 조세회피 사이에 음의 관계를 나타내었다. 둘째, 기업지배구조가 소극적인 사회적 책임이 조세회피에 미치는 영향을 완화, 강화시키는 역할을 하는지에 대해 검증하였는데 조세회피측정치 중 BTD잔차를 제외한 모든 조세회피 측정치에서 유의하지 않은 관계를 나타내어 기업지배구조가 소극적인 기업의 사회적 책임이 조세회피에 미치는 영향을 완화, 강화시키지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 향후, 세무학계 및 정책당국에 시사하는 바가 크다. 세무조사를 시행할 때 사회적 책임에 소극적인 기업들을 대상으로 추가적인 조사의 필요성이 제기된다. 본 연구는 위에서 여러 가지 한계점과 추가적으로 행하여 져야하는 연구가 많음에도 불구하고 국내기업을 대상으로 처음으로 기업의 사회적 책임과 조세회피와의 관계를 다양한 조세회피 측정치를 가지고 분석하였고, 기업지배구조(소유구조)가 기업의 사회적 책임과 조세회피에 미치는 관계를 어떻게 변화시키는 가를 보여주었다는 점에서 큰 의의가 있다.|ABSRACT

Social responsibility has not only become an increasing interest for Domestic and International Corporations but sustainable as well as established corporation’s have regarded it as an indispensible requisite. Corporate social responsibility can be considered vital for the company’s survival and growth. If we were to look at the cases internationally and domestically, corporate social responsibility activities have become new global trend, and has become a standard for evaluation. If we can use corporate social responsibility activities as an opportunity for investors and interested parties sustainable development will certainly come to pass. Despite corporate social responsibility being a social, national and scientific important interest, sufficient research in the tax division is yet to happen. The lack of or little research in CSR due to relative accessibility to tax data being so difficult because the majority of research is based on case studies and on conducting a survey. A reason for corporate social responsibility being an interest for tax research is that CSR’s can be a way in reducing tax payments, tax avoidance and tax evasion. If high social responsibility corporations were to avoid tax through tax evasion investors and interested parties would be impacted greater than corporations who have low social responsibility. Vice versa if low social responsibility corporations were to avoid tax through tax evasion investors and interested parties would be impacted to a lesser extent compared to firms actively involved in social responsibility. Corporations with low social responsibility can increase enterprise value by using tax avoidance to lower cash outflow. However, high social responsibility corporations have more than enough reason to avoid the tax mans watch and avoid tax and social responsibility inactive corporations can put more emphasis on their company’s image. That is why CSR and doubt about tax avoidance is an empirical for a research topic. This research will first, investigate CSR and tax evasion. In other words, to investigate whether corporate social responsibility increases or reduces tax expense and what kind of impact it has. Secondly, investigate if the relation with low corporate social responsibility activity and tax evasion has any additional impact Corporate Governance. The results of the research firstly, show that low social responsibility firms consider tax expense rather than proportion tax expense and avoid taxes more than high social responsible firms. Secondly, from investigating whether the Corporate Governance either relaxes or strengthens the impact of social responsibility on tax avoidance, there was no relation with tax avoidance measures, with BTD residual exempted, and Corporate Governance showed that corporate social responsibility neither relaxed nor strengthened the influence on tax avoidance measures. After this research result, tax investigation academia and the policy authorities are implied as significant points. When undergoing an investigation for taxable income additional investigation is needed for low social responsibility firms. Though this research needed many critical points and additional investigation, for the first time in target of domestic companies an analysis of the relation between corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance through various tax avoidance measures has been carried out. We have understood that there is significance in how changing Corporate Governance impacts corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance.; ABSRACT

Social responsibility has not only become an increasing interest for Domestic and International Corporations but sustainable as well as established corporation’s have regarded it as an indispensible requisite. Corporate social responsibility can be considered vital for the company’s survival and growth. If we were to look at the cases internationally and domestically, corporate social responsibility activities have become new global trend, and has become a standard for evaluation. If we can use corporate social responsibility activities as an opportunity for investors and interested parties sustainable development will certainly come to pass. Despite corporate social responsibility being a social, national and scientific important interest, sufficient research in the tax division is yet to happen. The lack of or little research in CSR due to relative accessibility to tax data being so difficult because the majority of research is based on case studies and on conducting a survey. A reason for corporate social responsibility being an interest for tax research is that CSR’s can be a way in reducing tax payments, tax avoidance and tax evasion. If high social responsibility corporations were to avoid tax through tax evasion investors and interested parties would be impacted greater than corporations who have low social responsibility. Vice versa if low social responsibility corporations were to avoid tax through tax evasion investors and interested parties would be impacted to a lesser extent compared to firms actively involved in social responsibility. Corporations with low social responsibility can increase enterprise value by using tax avoidance to lower cash outflow. However, high social responsibility corporations have more than enough reason to avoid the tax mans watch and avoid tax and social responsibility inactive corporations can put more emphasis on their company’s image. That is why CSR and doubt about tax avoidance is an empirical for a research topic. This research will first, investigate CSR and tax evasion. In other words, to investigate whether corporate social responsibility increases or reduces tax expense and what kind of impact it has. Secondly, investigate if the relation with low corporate social responsibility activity and tax evasion has any additional impact Corporate Governance. The results of the research firstly, show that low social responsibility firms consider tax expense rather than proportion tax expense and avoid taxes more than high social responsible firms. Secondly, from investigating whether the Corporate Governance either relaxes or strengthens the impact of social responsibility on tax avoidance, there was no relation with tax avoidance measures, with BTD residual exempted, and Corporate Governance showed that corporate social responsibility neither relaxed nor strengthened the influence on tax avoidance measures. After this research result, tax investigation academia and the policy authorities are implied as significant points. When undergoing an investigation for taxable income additional investigation is needed for low social responsibility firms. Though this research needed many critical points and additional investigation, for the first time in target of domestic companies an analysis of the relation between corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance through various tax avoidance measures has been carried out. We have understood that there is significance in how changing Corporate Governance impacts corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance.